Books at the Wake References

James S. Atherton

Alphabetical List of Literary Allusions
'his borrowing places’ (495.16)
This is arranged in alphabetical order of authors’ names. When it is not known which book Joyce meant the word Works is put down. The following abbreviations are used:
N — Author’s name
T = Title of book
Q = Quotation

  1. Adamnan, St.: Life of St. Columba. N—267.18: Adamman.
  2. Ady, Endre: Works. N—(?) 472.21: true as adie.
  3. Aesop: Fables. NT—29.13: Eset fibble. N—289.5: esoupcans; 307 margin: Esop. NT—414.17: the grimm gests of Jacko and Esaup, fable one, feeble too; 422.22: an esiop’s foible (The Mohammedans ascribe the fables to an Ethiopian named Luqman). UPDATE: 86.22 creepfoxed aundt grousuppers:The Fox and the Grapes
  4. Agrippa, Henricus Cornelius: Works. (On alchemy.) N—84.16: jugglemonkysh agripment; 94.13 (?): Agrippa, the propastored.  
  5. Andersen, Hans Christian: Fairy Tales. N—138.16: the charms of H. C. Enderson.
  6. Anderson, Margaret: My Thirty Years’ War. N—406.7: Margareter, Margaretar, Magarasticandeatar. T—246.3: Our thirty minutes war’s alull.
  7. Anonymous: Chevy Chase. T—30.14: Chivychas; 245.35: Chawyout Chacer; 335.10: chiwychace. ‘I sing of a Maiden’, Q—556.18: how all so still she lay. ‘Fair Margaret and Sweet William’. T—387.19: Fair Margrate waited Svede Villem. ‘The Nut-brown Maid’ T—243.25... 26. nutbrown . . . Mayde.
  8. Aquinas, St. Thomas. Summa Theologiae.
    N—93.9: tumass equinous. NQ—155.21: This foluminous dozen odd. Quas primas—but ’tis bitter to compote my knowledge’s fructos of.Tomes. N—248.8: tumescinquinance. NT—417.8: aquinatance . . .umsummables. Reference 111.29: macromass of all sorts of horse-happy values and masses of meltwhile horse.
  9. Archer, William (Translator of Ibsen’s Plays). N—283.19: a league of archers; 440.3: William Archer.
  10. Aristotle: Works.N—110.17: Harrystotalies; 306 margin: Aristotle", 417.16: aristotaller. <2—110.15: improbable possibles {Poetics VI, 22, etc.).
  11. Aristophanes: The Frogs. Q—4.2: Brekkek Kekkek Kekkek! Koax Koax Koax! QT—449.32: crekking jugs at the grenoulls (With several fables by La Fontaine).
  12. Arp, Jean: Works. N—508.33: arpists at cloever spilling (Arp wrote Dadaist poetry with distorted spelling, and publicized the work of Klee. American spiel=sales talk; German Klee=clover). N{?)—494.2: Orp; 497.3: warping.
  13. Augustine, St., Bishop of Hippo: Letters. Confessions. Contra Parmeniani Litteras.N—38.28: Ecclesiastes of Hippo (See main text: ‘The Fathers of theChurch’).
  14. Austen, Jane: Pride and Prejudice. T—344: pridejealice. UPDATE: 269.1-6: “often hate on first hearing comes of love by second sight…prude with prurial…prettydotes:” in (maybe) reverse, the story of Pride and Prejudice, followed by echoes of the title. 
  15. Avebury, John Lubbock, 1st Baron: The Pleasures of Life. (Lord Avebury introduced Bank Holidays and August Monday was once known as ‘St. Lubbock’s Day’ (292.5).) NT—113.34: to pleace averyburies and jully glad when Christmas comes his once ayear; 189.7: lubbock’s other fear pleasures of a butler’s life (Early versions read: ‘Lubbock’s other pleasures of life’—see B.M. Add. MS. 47474); 222.28: liubocks of life. 
  16. Avicenna, or Ibn Sen: Works.N—488.6: avicendas . . . Ibn Sen.
  17. Banim, Michael: Crowhore of the Bill-hook. The Croppy. N—228.16: (?) ban’s for’s book. T—229.12: Croppy Crowhore.
  18. Barham, Richard Harris: The Ingoldsby Legends.N—518.28: barbarihams. T—156.3: the Inklespill legends.
  19. Barrie, James Matthew: Quality Street. The Twelve Pound Look. N—134.11: Barry; 184.21: blaster of Barry’s; 569.30: Mr Borry willproduce. T—83.23: Quantity Street; 511.13: her twelve pound lach;210.22: twelve sounds look.
  20. Barrington, Sir Jonah: Recollections of My Own Times. N—536.32: Zerobubble Barrentone, Jonah Whalley. (These names have other references as well but it is likely that they are intended to refer to this author. Joyce told Gorman that his father had a copy of the book, and it is the likeliest source for the story of ‘Borumborad’(492.22).)
  21. Basile, Giambattista: II Pentamerone. N—374.31: Basil; 463.22: Basilius; 335.2: madjestky (Punning on Basileus, ‘king’, in a passage about folk-stories. Basile’s book is one of the main collections of European folk-stories. It also includes long lists of children’s games which may have given Joyce the idea of including similar lists in the Wake.)
  22. Baudelaire, Charles: Works. N—4.3: Baddelaries partisanes (B. wrote ‘Those who like me are condemned—I would even say contemptible if I cared to flatter nice people.’—Fusees); 207.11: she sended her boudeloire maids to his affluence. Q—89.28: my shemblable! My freer!
  23. Beck, Jacob Sigismund: Works. N—415.10: beck from bulk (In a context full of philosophers’ names.Beck summarized Kant’s Works). Belaney, George Stansfield, ‘Grey Owl’: Works.N—71.31: Grunt Owl’s Facktotem (Belaney claimed to be a Red Indian).
  24. Bennett, Arnold: Grand Babylon Hotel. T—17.33: babylone the greatgrandhotelled.
  25. Beranger, Jean-Pierre de: Works. N—372.11: the snug saloon seanad of our Cafe Beranger (Mayinclude a real cafe but echoes Lanson’s criticism of Beranger: ‘II a une philosophic et une sensibilite de cafe-concert . . .’
  26. Beranger, Jean-Pierre de: Works. N—372.11: the snug saloon seanad of our Cafe Beranger (Mayinclude a real cafe but echoes Lanson’s criticism of Beranger: ‘II a une philosophic et une sensibilite de cafe-concert . . .’—Hist, de lalitterature frangaise, p. 968).
  27. Bergere, Ouida UPDATE: American screenwriter. Actress and Basil Rathbone's wife A-221.28 hairwigs by Ouida Nooikke
  28. Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne: Sir is. N—260.11: Berkeley; 287.18: Barekely; 312.29: Burklley; 435.10: the phyllisophies of Bussup Bulkeley; 391.31: the general of the Berkeleyites. Q—130.4: drinks tharr and wodher for his asama; 304, note 4: the cups that peeves; 341.12: tartar warter! (See main text: ‘Irish writers’.)
  29. Besant, Annie: Works. N—432.32: the lover of liturgy, bekant or besant. Blake, William: Works. N—409.23: (?) MacBlakes; 563.13: Blake tribes bleak . . . With pale blake I write tintingface. (Alluding to etching?) Q—72.13: miching Daddy; 253.16: Noodynaady; 30.4: enos; 57.7: Zoans; Hear the four of them! (Although a good deal has been written about Joyce’s use of Blake in the Wake I can find few signs of it, and think that Joyce had left Blake and gone on to other mystics, for whom Blake had prepared him. But Joyce may have remembered such lines as: ‘Eno, a daughter of Beulah . .. took an atom of space & opened its centre Into Infinitude’; and ‘Wondering she saw her woof begin to animate, & not/As Garments woven subservient to her hands, but having a will/Of its own perverse and laboured’—Vala, or The Four Zoas.)
  30. Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna: Isis Unveiled. The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett.
    N—66.23: Cox’s wife, twice Mrs. Hahn; 393.23: her mudhen republican name (Madame Blavatsky’s maiden name was Hahn-Hahn. Hahn is German for cock, and this gives Joyce a tie-up with the hen that found the letter. ‘Twice’ and ‘republican’ refer also to the bigamous marriage of Madame Blavatsky in America). T—Mahamawetma, pride of the province. QT—242.36...243.1...15...22...27: Madame Cooley-Couley ... hundreads elskerelk’s yahrds of annams call away . . . tschaina . . .the devlins . . . mahatmas (The ‘Mahatma Letters’ were supposed to be written by Tibetan ‘masters’ one of them was called ‘Morya’, 53.30; 316.21); 137.25: his year-letter concocted by master hands (They were said to be conveyed from Tibet by tele- kenesis or osmosis); 198.21: telekenesis (This follows ‘reussischer Honddu jarkon’, i.e. Russian Hindu jargon); 585.22: Anunska . . .annastomoses; 615.5: anastomosically assimilated (The recipient, A. P. Sinnett is named); 352.13: the procuratress of the hory synnotts (Another of Madame B.’s friends. Colonel Olcott, had a big white beard which is mentioned); 351.31...352.4: my respeaktoble medams culonelle...Whitesides do his beard! 357.21: the loose looves leaflefts jaggled casuallty on the lamatory (This follows the mention of a ‘sliding panel’, which is probably the one described in Who Wrote the Mahatma Letters? by H. E. and W. L. Hare, q.v.) Madame Blavatsky seems to be a fink between the hen and A.L.P. who wrote ‘lettering you erronymously’—617.30).
  31. Boccaccio, Giovanni: Decameron. NT—561.24: Boccucia’s Enameron. T—435.9: dowdycameramen. Q—560.1: Fiamelle la Diva.
  32. Boerne, Karl Ludwig: Works. N—263.19: (?) mine boerne. Boileau, Nicolas: VArt Poetique. N—527.12: Eulogia, a perfect apposition . . . from Boileau’s.
  33. Bonney, TG., UPDATE: The Work of Rain an Rivers 79.01 low cirque: 17: 'the corries and cirques, the glens and gorges, which occur... in many mountainous regions'
  34. Borrow, George: Romany Rye. Lavengro. N— 5.35: (?) merlinburrow burrocks. T— 600.30: Wommany Wyes. <2—472-2: Pennyatimer, lampaddyfair, postanulengro, our rommany chiel!; 332.14: the chal and his chi, their roammerin over; 468.35:
    there’s the witch on the heath, sistra! T{?)—171.29: Peamengro.
  35. Boswell, James: The Life of Samuel Johnson. N— 40.7: bussybozzy. Q—256.12: Sherrigoldies.
  36. Boucicault, Dionysius Lardner (‘Dion, the elder’): Works. N—385.3: Dion Boucicault, the elder; 95.8: dyinboosycough; 391.23: Dion Cassius Poosycomb; 555.12: dying boosy cough; 569.35: bouchicaulture. Arrah-na-Pogue. T—68.12: arrah of the lacessive poghue; 203.36: Anna-na-Poghue; 376.19: arrah . . . Poghue! Poghue! Poghue!; 384.34 and 388.25: Arrah-na-poghue; 385.22: Arrah-na-pogue (But this correct spelling may be a misprint); 391.3: Arrahnacuddle; 460.2: Arrah of the passkeys; 482.12: ara poog; 588.29: Arrah Pogue; 600.32: Poghue ... Arrah. The Colleen Bazvn. T—384.21: his colleen bawn; 397.4: the girleen bawn; 438.33: collion boys to colleen bawns (These also refer to the song in The Lily of Killarney). The Corsican Brothers. T—333.11: corkedagains; 561.6: The Corsicos. Daddy O’Dowd. T—439.20: Daddy O’Dowd. The Octoroon. T—468.36: her Orcotron; 207.25: Duodecimoroon (with the Decameron). The Shaughraun. T—289.24: Conn the Shaughraun (This is the eponymous character and the phrase is often used as the title of the play. A ‘Shaughraun’ is a vagabond. Boucicault is an important source. See main text: ‘The world’s a stage’).
  37. Braddon, Mary Elizabeth: Lady Audley’s Secret. N—59.35: After fullblown Braddon hear this fresky troterella! A railways barmaid’s view (they call her Spilltears Rue). (This is a novel about bigamy which was made into a popular melodrama in 1862 and held the boards for forty years.)
  38. Brahe, Tycho: Works. N—260.10: up Tycho Brache Crescent.
  39. Brennan, Christopher: The Wanderer. NT—81.14: the saddle of the Brennan’s . . . versts and versts from true civilisation (Brennan was an Australian Symbolist poet whose ‘Wanderer’ is a spiritual exile).
  40. Breton, Andre: Works. N—437.6: breretonbiking.
  41. Bronte, Emily: Wuthering Heights. N—7.22: Brunto; Reference (with Heathcliffe); 241.5: with pruriest pollygameous inatentions . . . ailment spectacularly in heather cliff on gale days because souffrant from a plenitude of house torts. Broughton, Rhoda: Red as a Rose is She. NT—569.33: a she be broughton, rhoda’s a rosy she (The heroine, who is called ‘Essie’, gets engaged to two men at once. The style of the book resembles, and may have been one of the models for, the ‘Nausicaa’ chapter of Ulysses).
  42. Browne, W. J.: Botany for Schools (Dublin, 1881). NT—503.34: Browne’s Thesaurus Plantarum from Nolan’s, the Prittlewell Press.
  43. Browning, Robert: ‘Pippa Passes’. ‘Mr. Sludge the Medium’. ‘How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix’. N—351.1: brownings. T—55.16: pippa pointing; 439.22: the medium . . . sludgehummer; 278 margin: How he broke the good news to Gent. Q—225.31: All’s rice with their whorl!
  44. Bruno, Giordano: Works. (A major source. See ‘Structural Books’.)
  45. Bunyan, John: Pilgrim’s Progress. Grace Abounding. T—234.20: pilgrim prinkips; 384.18: pulchrum’s proculs; 577.16: grace abunda. Q—18.2: Despond’s sung; 273.28: Napolyon (Appolyon/Napoleon).
  46. Burns, Robert: Songs. N—520.26: Bobby burns (There are many quotations from Burns’s songs).
  47. Burton, Sir Richard: (Trans.) The Thousand Nights and a Night. Printed by the Burton Club for private subscribers only. 17 vols. N.d. (This was in Joyce’s ‘Personal Library’. See Connolly, p. 10.) N—595.18: Old Bruton; T—5.28: one thousand and one stories;
    51.4: in this scherzarade of one’s thousand one nightinesses; 335.27: another doesend end once tale; 357.17: alternate joys of a thousand kinds but one kind; 597.5: unthowsent and wonst nice. Q—4.32: Haroun; 358.28: herouns in that alraschil; 32.8: Skertsiraizde with Donyahzade; 357.19: shahrrer; 79.06: barmecidal days (with Mangan, q.v.); 387.21: barmaisigheds (With R. D’A. Williams, q.v.); 361.26: till there came the marrer of mirth (This is one of the common ways of ending a story by putting an end to the time ‘they lived happily ever after’); 577.18: baron and feme (‘Baron and femme’ is a phrase common in Burton); 580.26: the slave of the ring; 256.25: Sindat...saildior.
  48. Bury, John Bagnell: Life of Saint Patrick. N—291.ii : hollyboys, all, buryripe (Joyce seems to have used Bury’s book. One meaning of the phrase given could be that the persons just mentioned were holy and worthy to be written about by Bury).
  49. Busch, Wilhelm: Plisch und Plum. NT—'72.35: pursyfurse. I’ll splish the splume of them (‘Furse’=bush=Busch. Plisch and Plum are two dogs which get their masters,
    Peter and Paul, into various scrapes).
  50. Bushe, Charles Kendal: Cease Your Funning. NT—256.12: Cease your fumings, kindalled bushies (See Crone, J. S.).
  51. Butler, Samuel: Hudibras. N (Shared with other Butlers): 118.5; 372.7; 385.15; 519.6. T—357.7:
  52. hugh de Brassey’s Beard; 373.29: his huedobrass beard.
    Butler, Samuel: Erewhon. The Way of All Flesh. N—(See above). T—213.15: erewone. Q—531.19: (?) juppettes (Perhaps from Mrs. Jupp, a disreputable landlady in The Way of All Flesh).
  53. Byron, Lord George Gordon: Poetical Works. N—435.10: lewd Buylan; 465.17: like Boyrun to sibster; 563.12: lordbeeron brow. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. T—423.8: making his pillgrimace of Childe Horrid. Q—541.20: theres were revelries; 385.35: Rolando’s deepen darblun Ossian roll (‘Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll’). The Corsair. T—323.2: the coarsehair; 343.3: the corsar; 444.27: corsehairs; 577.10: corsair; 600.11: accorsaired. (The title is usually followed by a reference to the subject-matter of the poem. E.g. 323.4...6: xebec . . . voyaging after maidens; 343.5: armeemonds (Armenians).) The Giaour. T—68.18: dog of a dgiaour; 107.22: giaours; 305.3: that salubrated sickenagiaour o yaours; 355.22: Giaourmany. Maid of Athens (This begins ‘Maid of Athens ere we part. . and ends, in Greek, ‘Zoe mou, sas agapo’ which means ‘My life, I love you’). TQ—41.10: meed of anthems here we pant; 436.32: Mades of ashens when you flirt. Q—202.6: so aimai moe, that’s agapo. (The first two are later additions, and were perhaps inserted to draw attention to the quotation in the ALP chapter.) Don Juan. (?) QT—464.29: the oils of greas under turkey in julep.
  54. Byron, Henry James: Our Boys. NT—41.16: our boys, as our Byron called them.
  55. Cabell, James Branch: Jurgen. N—(?) 234.3: cabaleer; 488.21: Negoist Cabler. T—35.28: Jurgen-sen’s (Jurgen is mentioned here in connection with a watch because when he went into Cockaigne, ‘Time, they report, came in with Jurgen because Jurgen was mortal.’—Jurgen, Chap. 22); 621.22: Jorgen Jargonsen. Q—243.14: Hetman Michael (A character in Jurgen).
  56. Caesar, Julius: Works. N—161.36: Caesar (But the reference is to Cesare Borgia’s motto: Aut Caesar aut nullus); 306 margin: Julius Caesar; 271.3: Sire Jeallyous Seizer. Q—512.8: He came, he kished, he conquered.
  57. Cairnes, John E.: Leading Principles of Political Economy. N—594.24: cairns; 604.6: Read Higgins, Cairns and Egen.
  58. Campbell, Thomas: Poems. ‘The Exile of Erin’. N—343.3: Campbell. Q—148.33...149.10: If you met on the binge a poor acheseyeld from Ailing . . .; 168.3: if he came to my preach, a proud pursebroken ranger ...; 45.29: far away on the pillow
    (Parodies ‘far away on the billow’ from ‘The Burial of Sir John Moore at Corunna’).
  59. Carberry, Ethna: Works. N—228.18: carberry banishment care of Pencylmania; 318.12: Ethna prettyplume (E. A. Boyd says that Miss Carberry refused to allow her poems to be published in England. See Ireland’s Literary Renaissance, 2nd ed., p. 202).
  60. Carleton, William: Works. T— 360.7: pere Golazy; (?) 123.16: paddygoeasy (Both Paddy-Go- Easy. For Carleton’s other writings see main text: ‘Irish writers’).
  61. Carlyle, Thomas: Sartor Resartus. N—517.22: Carlysle. T—314.17: sartor’s risorted; 352.25: shutter reshottus. Q—68.21: Tawfulsdreck. (109.1-36 is an expansion of a sentence in S.R.: ‘For our purpose the simple fact that such a Naked World is possible, nay actually exists (under the Clothed one) will be sufficient.’—Chapter X).
  62. Carroll, Lewis. (See main text, chapter: ‘Lewis Carroll’.)
  63. Carter, J., and Pollard, G.: An Enquiry into the Nature of Certain Nineteenth Century Pamphlets. N—229.31: his auditers, Caxton and Pollock . . . sindbook ... his innersense (This book exposed the forgeries of T. J. Wise, whose name is hidden in the ‘Letter’ passage, 123.2: the cut and dry aks and wise form of the semifinal.. .).
  64. Centilivre, Susanna UPDATE: T-303.05 Bould strokes for your life! Play "A Bold Stroke for a Wife".
  65. Cervantes, Miguel de: Don Quixote. T— 234.4: donkey shot ... Sin Showpanza; 482.14: donkeyschott. Q—234.24: dulsy nayer (Dulcinea says ‘No’ as the ass neighs sweetly); 404.11: sansa pagar. TQ—198.35: queasy quizzers of his ruful continence.
  66. Chart, David Alfred: The Story of Dublin. (An important source book. See main text.)
  67. Chartier, Emile (‘Alain’): Works. N—608.17: meassurers soon and soon, but the voice of Alina gladdens the cocklyhearted dreamerish (Joyce seems to be saying that the French critics—Messieurs so-and-so—make their assessments— measurings—too soon, but Alain’s timid readers like to have their minds made up for them).
  68. Chaucer, Geoffrey: Works. N—245.35: Chavyout Chacer (With Chevy Chase). Q—265.23: tabard, wine tap and warm tavern; 395.28: Cook of corage; 550.9: knobby lauch and the rich morsel of the marrolebone and shains of garleeks (Prologue: 633-4—‘knobbes syttinge on his chekes. Wei loved he garleek, onyons and eek lekes’); 552.22: piggiesknees (From ‘The Miller’s Tale’, line 82: She was a prymerole, a pigges-nye).
  69. Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich: Chayka (The Seagull). Vishnevy Sad (The Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya. T—424.10: Chaka a seagull; 588.17: ivysad; 339.11: varnashed roscians (With Roscius).
  70. Christie, Agatha: UPDATE: British writer of mystery novels (1890-1976) 86.23 christies
  71. Churchill, Charles: The Rosciad. N—587.16: churchal (With Sir Winston Churchill). (?) T—53.9: Humphriad; 339.11: roscians (see above). (‘Strange to relate but wonderfully true That even shadows have their shadows too With not a single comic power endu’d The first a mere mere mimic’s mimic stood . . . Quin, from afar, lur’d by the scent of fame, A stage leviathan put in his claim’.) Q—281.17: shadows shadows multiplicating; 486.9: mere man’s mime; 305.20: Where is that Quin . . . (This follows a mention of ‘Old Keane’ so called to distinguish him from his son who played Iago to his father’s Othello in the famous performance when ‘Old Keane’ collapsed after the words ‘Othello’s occupation’s gone’, was taken home and died).
  72. Cicero: Works. N—152.10: etcicero; 182.9: cinsero. Q—395.6: how long, tandem (Quousque tandem . . .’—In Cat. I, 1). Q—293.7: some som- nione sciupiones (Somnium Scipionis from De Re Publica, VI, 9-29). 
  73. Clemens, Samuel L. (‘Mark Twain’): Works. N—425.29: mark twang; 455.29: Mark Time’s Finist Joke; Huckleberry Finn. T—130.14: fanned of heckleberries; 137.12: Hugglebelly’s funniral; 297.20: Hurdlebury Fenn. Q—245.25: And if you wend to Livmouth, wenderer, while Jempson’s weed decks Jacqueson’s Island . . . You took me with the mulligrubs (Jimpson Weed is mentioned in Huckleberry Finn as growing on Jackson’s Island. Huck was drifting to the rivermouth); 317.13: he sure had the most sand; UPDATE: T-86.19: priest and pauper; 283.29: Give you the fantods. The Prince and the Pauper. T—422.15: his prince of the apauper’s pride. Innocents Abroad. T—115.28: innocent allabroad. Pudd’nhead Wilson. Q—32.16: Chimbers to his cronies; 212.11: Roxana (‘Roxana has heard the phrase valet de chambre somewhere, and, as she supposed it was a name, she loaded it on her darling. It soon got shortened to “Chambers” of course.’—Pudd’nhead Wilson, Chap. 2.) Q—335.8: mop’s varlet de shambles. Tom Sawyer. T—132.36: sawyer; 173.28: bottom sawyer; 374.34: topsawys. Q—410.35: Top, Sid and Hucky (A pun is always intended on the words ‘Tom saw you’). Cockton, Henry: Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist. T—439.17: the valiantine vaux (With Vauxhall). Reference, 105.21: Suppotes a Ventriloquorst Merries a Corpse.
  74. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. T—123.23: the names of the wretched mariner; 324.8: They hailed him cheeringly, their encient, the murrainer. Q—137.22: by stealth of a kersse her aulburntress abaft his nape she hung (Based on ‘Instead of a cross ...’ as is the next); 512.21: In steam of kavos now arbatos above our hearths doth hum; 202.12: Waiwhou was the first thurever burst?; 558.27: Albatrus ... her beautifell hung up on a nail. Biographia Liter aria. Q—159.7: myriads of drifting minds; 576.24: mirrorminded (From Chapter XV, ‘myriad-minded’).
  75. Collingwood, Stuart Dodgson: The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. London: Thomas Nelson & Sons. n.d. [1898]. See Connolly, p. 11. (An important source-book. See main text: ‘Lewis Carroll’.)
  76. Colum, Padraic: ‘A Portrait’. NQ—68.35: The column of lumps lends the pattrin of the leaves behind us ... for wilde erthe blothoms (This refers to Colum’s poem which ends: ‘But what avail my teaching slight? Years hence in rustic speech, a phrase, As in wild earth a Grecian vase’).
  77. Columba, St. N—240.21: Saint Calembaurnus. Q—185.14: altus prosator.
  78. Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus: De Re Rustica. N—255.19: contumellas; 281.5: Columelle; 319.8: colleunellas; 354.26: Calomella; 615.2: Columcellas (With Columkill. He seems to be named with Pliny (q.v.) to recall the quotation from Quinet in which their names are linked.)
  79. Confucius, or K‘ung Fu-tee: The Doctrine of the Mean. The Elements. NT—108.11: Kung’s doctrine of the meang. N—131.33: has the most conical hodpiece of confusianist heronim and that chichuffous chinchin of his is like a footsey kungoloo around Taishantyland (‘Chin’ is the Chinese character LJJ, see Letters, p. 250); 485.35: Hell’s Confucium and the Elements! .. . chinchin chat with nippon-nippers. N—15.12: confusium; 417.15: a confucion of minthe.
  80. Connelly, Marc: The Green Pastures. N—457.1: Connolly. Q—232.22: Did you boo mighty lowd . . . Satanly, lade; 356.16: the tarikies held sowansupper. Let there bean a fishfrey; 363.13: Has they bane reneemed? Soothinly low; 568.35: Rex Ingram (Played ‘De Lawd’ in this play).
  81. Cooper, James Fenimore: Works. N—439.12: Cooper Funnymore.
  82. Corelli, Marie: The Sorrows of Satan. T—230.10: a caughtalock of all the sorrows of Sexton (Joyce told Miss Weaver—Letters, p. 302—that he was using a book by Marie Corelli, but I can find no trace of anything except this title).
  83. Corneille, Pierre: Works. N—173.20: cornaille . . . tarabooming great blunderguns.
  84. Cowper, William: ‘The Loss of the Royal George’. T—151.29: the lapses leqou asousiated with the royal gorge. Q—461.6: the coupe that’s chill (See Berkeley).
  85. Croce, Benedetto: Works. N—511.31: crocelips (I do not understand the allusion but Joyce seems to have used many of Croce’s works.)
  86. Croker, Thomas Crofton: Fairy Legends of South Ireland, etc. NQ—537.29: a crockard or three pipples on the bitch (Includes ‘Three pebbles on the beach’).
  87. Crone, John S.: A Concise Dictionary of Irish Biography. N—13.36: crone; 390.7: the old cronioney. Q—256.12: Cease your fumings, kindalled bushies (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  88. Cruden, Alexander: Concordance. NT—358.6: concrude. D’Alton, Rev. Edward Alfred: A History of Ireland. N—572.36: D’Alton insists.
  89. Dante Alighieri: The Divine Comedy. N—47.19: Seudodanto!; 251.23: dantellising; 269 margin: Undante', 344.6: damnty; 539.6: Daunty. NT—440.6: the divine comic Denti Alligator (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  90. Darwin, Charles: The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. The Descent of Man. NT—252.28: Charley, you’re my darwing. So sing they the assent of man. T—504.14: the ouragan of spaces; 117.28: natural selections; 504.27...33: the origin of spices and charlotte darlings . . . unnatural refection. Q—145.27: the sowiveall of the prettiest.
  91. Dasent, Sir George. (Translator): The Prose Edda. N—578.14: daysent.
  92. Daudet, Alphonse: Tartarin de Tarascon. T—227.35: a Tartaran tastarin tarrascone tourtoun (Tartarin says ‘There are two men in me’. Daudet comments, ‘Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the same man’. There is a dispute between the two halves of Tartarin’s personality during which one half says, ‘Cover yourself with glory’, and the other half says, ‘Cover yourself with flannel’).
  93. Davis, Thomas Osborne: National Ballads, Songs, and Poems. N—391.28: the Spasms of Davies (See main text: ‘The Irish Writers’).
  94. Defoe, Daniel: Moll Flanders. Robinson Crusoe. Roxana. N—30.11: Hofed; 316.24: The foe things your niggerhead needs .. .(This is a pun on ‘Defoe’ as the nigger-minstrel way of saying ‘the four’). T—569.29: Moll Pamelas (With Fielding’s Pamela)', 211.16: Rogerson Crusoe’s Friday fast; 538.13: old Crusos; 212.11: Roxana (But see Clements). 
  95. Della Porta, Giambattista (1535-1615): Plays. N—9.35: Gambariste della porca (His plays are discussed by Croce in I teatri di Napoli). Demetrius: On Style. NQ—319.5: ringing rinbus round Demetrius (Demetrius wrote: ‘The graceful needs for its utterance some ornament, and it uses beautiful words . . . For instance: “Earth myriad-garlanded is rainbow-hued.” ’—Loeb Ed., p. 405). Q—13.15: With a grand funferall (‘Fun at a funeral’, Loeb Ed., p. 319); 414.35: funny funereels.
  96. De Morgan, William: Joseph Vance. T—211.32: a stonecold shoulder for Donn Joe Vance (Joyce gave up trying to read this novel—perhaps because he began by mistake at volume two. See Letters, p. 101).
  97. De Quincey, Thomas: Works. N—285 note 6: De Quinceys salade.
  98. Descartes, Rene: Works. N—304.27: a reborn of the cards; 269, note 2: If she can’t follow suit Renee goes to the pack; 301.25: Cartesian spring. Q—304.31: cog it out, here goes a sum (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  99. Dickens, Charles: Works. N—177.35: greet scoot, duckings and thuggery (With Scott and Thackeray); 434.27: dickette.
    - Bleak House. T—337.11: bleakhusen. Reference (?) 6.2: jellybies.
    - Cricket on the Hearth. T—138.26: cricket on the earth; 549.29: the little crither of my hearth.
    - David Copperfield. T—434.28: Doveyed Covetfilles.
    - Old Curiosity Shop. T—434.30: the old cupiosity shape.
    - Our Mutual Friend. T—434.28: your meetual fan; 63.35: our mutual friends.
    - Pickwick Papers. T—106.20: Pickedmeup Peters. References 131.16: Up Micawber; 178.27: a tompip peepestrella throug a three- draw eighteen hawkspower durdicky telescope (Characters from
    - Great Expectations. The telescope is a little like Sam Weller’s ‘gas microscope’. Pip and Estella are named frequently but the reference
    is mainly to Swift’s Journal).
  100. Digby, Sir Kenelm: Works. (On Alchemy.) N—313.26: that is Twomeys that is Digges that is Heres. (This is probably Digby, Hermes, and perhaps Thomas of Bologna—three alchemists—as Tom, Dick and Harry; i.e. any writers on Alchemy.)
  101. Digges, Thomas (fl. 1576): Works. N—313.26: that is Twomeys that is Digges (And see above).
  102. Dilnot, George: The Trial of Jim the Penman (‘Famous Trials’ Series). T— 93.13: Shun the Punman; 125.23: Shem the Penman; 192.23: Pain the Shamman; 212.18: Shem, her penmight; 369.27: Schelm the Pelman; 517.18: shin the pnnman. (‘Jim the Penman’ was James Townsend Savard. A play Jim the Penman, by Sir Charles Young, bears little relation to the facts of Savard’s life, but neither this nor the book seems to have been used by Joyce.)
  103. Dio Cassius: Roman History. N—391.23: poor Dion Cassius Pooseycomb (With Boucicault). (Perhaps confused by Joyce with Diodorus Siculus who gave 1138 years as the whole period of his History (I, 5, 1), frequently used the word epiphany for the appearance of a god (I, 23, 5, etc.), and gave the famous description of the trouble after a cat was killed in Cairo (I, 83, 8-9) which seems to be alluded to in 509.19: Who kills the cat in Cairo coaxes cocks in Gaul).
  104. D’Israeli, Isaac, and Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield: Works. N—27.1: ’Tisraely; 100.19: beaconsfarafield; 373.27: dizzy (with ‘Gladstools’ following). T—337.35: Tancred. (There are probably several borrowings from Curiosities of Literature, e.g. 236.19 refers to ‘the Pantomimical Characters’, and 486.31 ‘a pool of bran’ refers to the Della Cruscans in ‘Italian Literary Societies’.)
  105. Dodgson, C. L. (See main text, ‘Lewis Carroll’.)
  106. Domesday Book. T—485.6: Domesday. Q—128.5: hidal in carucates he is enumerated, hold as an earl, he counts, shipshaped phrase of buglooking words … to our dooms brought he law, our manoirs he made his vill of.
  107. Donnelly, Ignatius: The Great Cryptogram. N—281, note 3: Donnelly (This note is to: ‘But Bruto and Cassio are ware only of trifid tongues.’ Joyce conceals the name ‘Bacon’ near many of his references to Shakespeare, and there is probably a cryptogram in this section of the Wake).
  108. Dostoyevsky, Fedor Mikhailovich: Crime and Punishment. Q—235.32: Lady Marmela Shortbred will walk in for supper with her marchpane switch on, her necklace of almonds and her poirette Sundae dress with bracelets of honey . . . (Marmaledoff in C. and P. says that he has drunk all his wife’s belongings—‘I have actually drunk her stockings and her shoes ... I even drank her little Angora shawl.’ Joyce’s Marmela seems prepared for such treatment). 472.21: you of the boots; 489.23: In his hands a boot (‘Your boot...the whole day you held it in your hands’, p. 95); 343.11: A forward movement. . . and dispatch (p. 254); 467.1...4...7: the misery billy-boots ... go to a general and I’d pray confessions for him... blood...greeping hastily down his blousyfrock; 517.6: to wend himself to a medicis (Quoting Raskolnikov’s advice when Svidrigailov described how his dead servant came at his bidding.—Crime and Punishment, ‘Everyman’ Ed., pp. 218-19). Q—156.10: raskolly. UPDATE: Brothers Karamazov 219.14 Brothers Bratislavoff 
  109. Doughty, Charles Montagu: Adam Cast Forth. N—363.21: doughdoughty (I suspect that this is a criticism of Doughty’s prose); 361.35: Back to Droughty! The water of the face has flowed.
  110. Douglas, Norman: London Street Games. Q—104-107.7 (Many of the phrases in this passage are distortions of the names of games mentioned by Douglas); Q—87.33: Deadman’s Dark Scenery Court; 176.1: games like . . .; 225.6: peace in his preaches and play with esteem. Dowson, Ernest: ‘Cynara’. T—236.2: puffumed cynarettes.
  111. Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan: The Sherlock Holmes Stories. The History of Spiritualism. The History of the Boer War. The Land of Mist. N—142.26: doyles when they deliberate (With the Dail); 228.13: Our war. Dully Gray! A conansdream of lodascircles (Combines a reference to a song popular in the Boer War with ‘conan’. The name Doyle occurs often in the Wake, usually with no reference to Conan Doyle); 574~5(?): Doyles; 617.14: Conan Boyles (Doyle’s Hist, of Spiritualism is not named in the Wake; but it is a standard work and may have been Joyce’s source for the following, in which the reference to the Wake is given in the form usually adopted here, and the reference to the Hist, of Sp. with the volume and page numbers: 528.14: Eusapia II, 1-20 494.14: Eva II, 92, 95 482.17: Mrs. Hayden I, 36 546.33 Red Indians I, 31; Chapters 4 and 10 of The Land of Mist are amongst the possible sources for pp. 481-500.) Q—501.11: Challenger’s Deep (Sherlock Holmes is named 165.32; 534.31.)
  112. Dryden, John: All for Love. ‘Alexander’s Feast’. T—569.32: all for love. Q—346.8: never elding still begidding (But Joyce may have been thinking of Petronius, Hoc non deficit, incipitque semper, which he would know from Jonson’s translation.) 366.11: on with the balls did disserve the fain.
  113. Dumas, Alexandre. The Three Musketeers. The Man in the Iron Mask. T— 64.22: musketeers! Alphos, Burkos and Caramis; 245.19: threes. . . musketeering; 379.36: the three muskrateers; 390.10: the man in the Oran Mosque.
  114. Dumas, Alexandre, fils: The Lady of the Cornelias. T—334.17: the lady of the comeallyous.
  115. Dunbar, William: ‘Lament for the Makers’. Q—378.20: Tiemore moretis tisturb badday! N—211.34: Billy Dunboyne (with William III.)
  116. Dupin, A.-A.-L. (‘Sand, George’): Works. N—189.14: sands . . . accomplished women.
  117. Earp, T. W.: Augustus John. (This book was in Joyce’s ‘Personal Library’. See Connolly, p. 14.) N—191.20: Little earps brupper.
  118. Edgeworth, Maria UPDATE: Castle Rackrent published in 1800, is often regarded as the first historical novel, the first regional novel in English, the first Anglo-Irish novel, the first Big House novel and the first saga novel T-221.32 Rock rent.
  119. Egan, Pierce: Tom and Jerry. Real Life in Dublin by a Real Paddy. NT—447.23: Compost liffe in Dufblin by Pierce Egan (The names Tom and Jerry are used in the Wake but they seem to have no connection with Egan’s work).
  120. Eliot, Thomas Stearns: The Waste Land. N—43.9: Elliot (Joyce sometimes used this spelling when writing to Eliot. See Letters, pp. 314, 316); 92.16: swiney; 424.27: Sweeney; 504.23: sweeny. T—335.12: vastelend; 62.11: The wastobe land. <2—305.23: Thou in shanty! Thou in scanty shanty!! Thou in slanty scanty shanty!!! (The Waste Land, line 433 and note, ‘Shantih. Repeated as here, a formal ending to an Upanishad. “The Peace which passeth understanding” is our equivalent to this word’. Joyce also parodied this in a letter to Miss Weaver, ‘Shan’t we? Shan’t we? Shan’t we?’—Letters, p. 231); 135.6: washes his fleet in annacrwatter; whou missed a porter . . . (The Waste Land, 199-201).
  121. Elisabeth Louisa, Queen of Rumania (‘Carmen Sylva’): Works. N—360.13: Carmen Sylvae, my quest, my queen. Lou must wail…
  122. Epiphanes, St.: Works. N—341.26: Father Epiphanes.
  123. Euclid: The Elements. N—155.32: Neuclidius; 206.12: Casey’s Euclid; 284.24: nucleuds.mNT—302.12: elementator joyclid.
  124. Evans, Mary Ann (‘George Eliot’): The Mill on the Floss. DanielDeronda. T—213.2: Mill... on the Floss. N—229.2: Nom de plume! . . . And send Jarge for Mary Inklender. T—189.12: congested around (Conceals the name ‘Deronda’; the name ‘George Sands’ is also oncealed in this passage about ‘accomplished women’). N—533.5: Evans.
  125. Evelyn, John: Sylva. N—62.34: Pomona Evlyn. T—133.15: Sylviacola.
  126. Farquhar, George: Sir Harry Wildair. T—210.25: Wildairs’ breechettes for Magpeg Woppington (Sir Harry Wildair was Peg Woffington’s most famous breeches part). Q—233.1...5...8: telltale tall of his pitcher . . . Angelinas . . . For a haunting we will go (The villain in this play tries to deceive Sir Harry by means of a picture of his supposedly dead wife, Angelica, who complicates the story by pretending to be her own ghost).
  127. Ferguson, Sir Samuel: Hibernian Nights Entertainment. T—335.26: hibernian knights underthaner.
  128. Fielding, Henry: Jonathan Wild, the Great. T—540.28: Jonathans, wild and great. N—274.24: fieldgosongingon.
  129. FitzGerald, Edward: (Trans.) The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. N—(?) 211.14: Funny Fitz. References: 122.9: from the fane’s pinnacle is tossed down by porter to within an aim’s ace of their quatrain of rubyjets among Those Who arse without the Temple ...O’Mara has it . . . K. M. O’Mara (‘rubyjets’ =Rubaiyaf, ‘O’Mara, K. M.’=Omar Khayyam); 351.9: hand to hand as Homard keyenne was always jiggily-jugging about with his wendowed courage when our woos with the wenches went wined for a song; 368.24: And thus within the Tavern’s secret booth The wisehight ones who sip the tested sooth Bestir them as the Just as bid to jab The punch of quaram on the mug of truth (In the form of FitzGerald’s quatrains).
  130. Flaubert, Gustave: Bouvard et Pecuchet. Salammbd. T—302.9: Buvard to dear Picuchet (There seem to be references to Salammbd at 538.9-13).
  131. Fletcher, Phineas: The Purple Island, or The Isle of Man. NT—263 note 2: fletches.. .the isle we love in espice. Punt. N—312.36: fletcherbowyers (With Beaumont and Fletcher?). T—76.23: Isle of Man; 159.32: isle of manoverboard; 287.15: the isle of Mun; 291.9: the ives of Man; 310.31: ale of man; 496.6: the Isle of Woman.
  132. Florian, Jean-Pierre Clovis de: Fables. NT—385.11: Florian’s fables (They do not seem to be used, but Joyce names all the great fabulists).
  133. Fort, Paul: Works. N—83.10: marx my word fort.
  134. Franklin, Benjamin: Autobiography. (In Joyce’s ‘Personal Library’. See Connolly, p. 16.) N—289.9: live wire, fired Benjermine Funkling outa th’Empyre; 372.7: our benjamin liefest, soemtime frankling to thise citye; 606.14: three Benns . . . Whether they were franklings by name also has not been fully probed. Q—(?) 271.5: tryonforit; 163.9: puir tyron (Tryon was a vegetarian whose regime Franklin adopted. Both the references have food in the context).
  135. Freud, Sigmund: The Interpretation of Dreams. N—115.23: yung and easily freudened; 337.7: freudzay; 411.35: freudful mistake; 579.20: freund. T—338.29: an intrepidation of our dreams (556.31-557.12 seems to be based on a dream described in Freud’s book. See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  136. Furniss, Rev. John, C.SS.R.: The Sight of Hell. NT—289.13: Furniss’s and . . . Ellishly Haught’s.
  137. Galen, Claudius: Works. N—184.13... 17: lithargogalenu ... cocked and potched in an athanor (I am not sure whether Joyce is considering Galen as an Alchemist or referring to the public burning of his works by Paracelsus. But Alchemy certainly comes into the passage); 424.7: Then he went to Cecilia’s treat on his own to pick up Galen (‘Cecilia’s treat’ is Cecilia Street, for which the entry in the old Dublin Street Directory reads: ‘4, 5 and 6, School of Medicine of Apothecaries’ Hall. Site of Crow- street Theatre Royal and anciently that of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity.’ The School of Medicine fits Galen; Crow Theatre fits ‘Cecilia’s treat’ (cf. ‘King’s treat’), and the Monastery of the Holy Trinity is referred to in ‘on his solo’ and the previous sentence).
  138. Gall, Franz Josef: Anatomie . . . du Cerveau. NT—364.14: Skall of a gall.
  139. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson: History of England. N—133.23: master gardiner.
  140. Gay, John: The Beggar's Opera. N—(?) 193.19: Gay Socks (Gay was for a time a silk mercer). Q—235.21: palypeachum.
  141. Gellius, Aulus: Noctes atticae. NT—255.17 ... 20: the nights of labour . . . what Aulus Gellius picked on Micmacrobius (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  142. Gibbon, Edward: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. N—504.29: gibbonses; 531.1: gibbous disdag. T—105.22: From the Rise ... to the Fall (With Motley’s Rise of the Dutch Republic).
  143. Gilbert, J. T.: History of Dublin. N—573.14: as Gilbert first suggested (All the names cited in parentheses in this part of the Wake belong to Irish historians).
  144. Gilbert, Sir William Schwenk: Trial by Jury. N—573.14: Gilbert (With above but following Sullivan). T—242.14: trial by julias; 466.29: betrayal by jury.
  145. Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Works. NT—344.5: song of sorrowmon! Which goatheye and sheepkeeper they damnty well know. (‘Song of sorrowmon’ may combine The Sorrows of Werther with The Song of Solomon. N—539.6: Gouty (This phrase also names Dante and Shakespeare along with the Bible and Wordsworth as examples of great literature). T—283.28: Worse nor herman dororrhea. Give you the fantods seemed to him. (The title of Hermann und Dorothea is made to suggest German diarrhoea; but the passage occurs in the schoolroom section and ends with a quotation from Huckleberry Finn to whom any form of education ‘gave the fantods’, so it must not be taken as Joyce’s verdict on Goethe). T—71.8: Contrastions with Inkermann (Conversations with Eckermanri). Q—479.29: Weissduwasland. QT—292.22: the crame of the whole faustian fustian, whether your launer’s lightsome or your soulard’s schwearmood. (Laune=mood; Schwermut=melan- choly; Leichtsinn= levity. The reference is to Faust, and especially to the speech when Faust tells Wagner about the two opposing natures of his soul). Q—540.28: Been so free (Bin so frei grad herein zutreten). TN—480.23...36: weynecky fix . . . Wolfgang (Reineke Fuchs).
  146. Gogol, Nikoloy Vasilyevich: Dead Souls (Mertvye dushi). NQ—339.4...29: Oalgoak’s Cheloven . . . capecloaked hoodooman! First he s s st steppes (Chelovek is Russian for ‘man’). N—341.7: gigls; 343.3: gogemble. T—348.11: alma marthyrs. I dring to them, bycom spirits . . . (All these are in a passage full of concealed references to Russian authors. ‘Bygone spirits’ =Dead Souls).
  147. Goldsmith, Oliver: The Deserted Village. She Stoops to Conquer. N—(with Sheridan) 256.12: sherrigoldies. Q—13.26: An auburn mayde . . . desarted; 174.31: Auborne-to-Auborne; 265.6...28: Sweetsome Auburn . . . Distorted mirage, alooliest of the plain; 381.4: Hauburnea’s liveliest vinnage on the brain; 617.36: Swees Aubumn. QT—170.14: when lovely woman stoops to conk him (Quotation of song from The Vicar of Wakefield—and T. S. Eliot—and the title of She Stoops to Conquer. See Porter, F. T., and Eliot, T. S. Joyce is combining a number of allusions); 323.32...324.1...13: Toni Tam pi . . . Trollderoll . . . lumpenpack; 56.30: Melancholy Slow (See main text: ‘Irish Writers’).
  148. Goncourt, E. L. A. H. de and J. A. H. de: Journal des Goncourt. Q—88.5: as to whether he was one of those lucky cocks for whom the audible-visible-gnosible-edible-world existed (But Joyce is probably referring to the quotation in Wilde’s De Profundis of ‘Je suis un homme pour qui le monde exterieur existe’, which the Goncourreport Gautier to have said).
  149. Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (‘Peter Parley): Peter Parley's Tales about Ancient Greece, etc. T— 240.27: Anaks Andrum parleyglutton; 276, note 4: Parley; 288, note 6: Creeping Crawleys petery parley (These books were used at Clongowes when Joyce was there).
  150. Gorky, Maxim: The Mother. NT—132.35: methyr . . . gorky.
  151. Gorman, Herbert: James Joyce, A Definitive Biography. N—407.1: between gormandising and gourmeteering he grubbed his tuck all right. TN—349.25: The Martyrology of Gorman (A medieval O’Gorman wrote a Martyrology and Joyce jokingly uses the tide for Gorman’s book).
  152. Gray, Thomas: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. Works. NT—192.34: crazy elegies. Q—321.2: Ignorinsers’ bliss ... none too wisefolly; 385.26: purest air serene.
  153. Griffin, Gerald: The Collegians. Talis Qualis. N—450.14: griffeen. T—228.32: collegions; 385.8: collegians; 167.5: qualis . . . talis.
  154. Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm: Fairy Tales. NT—335.5: the grimm grimm tale; 414.17: the grimmgests of Jacko and Esau (With Aesop); 448.24: it isagrim tale (With Isengrim); 206.2: Grimmfather (With Havelock the Dane?); Grimm’s Law—378.27: smotthermock Gramm’s laws! T—64.27: Snowwhite and Rosered; 618.2: handsel for gerdes.
  155. Haggard, Rider: She. N—580.6: haggards. Reference 105.20: Ayesha (With the wife of Mohammed).
  156. Haliday, Charles: The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin.
  157. Haliday, William: (Trans.) History of Ireland, Keating. N—573.2: Halliday (Either or both of the above).
  158. Hall and Knight: School Algebra, etc. (They also collaborated with Todhunter). N—283.25: O them doddhunters and allanights.
  159. Hall, John B.: Random Records of a Reporter. (Describes life in Dublin about 1904. A copy was in Joyce’s ‘Personal Library’. See Connolly, p. 18. The author is mentioned in the Aeolus chapter of Ulysses: They’re gone round to the Oval for a
    drink. Paddy Hooper is there with Jack Hall.) N—(?) 354.17: embaraced Vergemout Hall; 211.31 (With Jekyll): a jackal with hide for Browne but Nolan.
  160. Halliday, William Reginald: Greek and Roman Folk Lore. N—264.4: halliday of roaring month with its two lunar eclipses and three saturnine settings. Horn of Heathen, Highbrowed! (With a pun on ‘holiday’, and perhaps with Charles Haliday).
  161. Hamilton, Anthony: Memoires de la vie du Comote de Gramont.
    TN—137.35...138.1: the single maiden speech ... to her Grand Mount . . . hebrew set to himmeltones or the quicksilversong of qwaternions (Three Hamiltons are named here to personify the confusion: ‘Single-speech’ Hamilton is followed by Anthony of the ‘Grand Mount’; and we then meet ‘Quaternions’, a method of mathematical analysis invented by Sir William Rowan Hamilton).
  162. Hare, Harold Edward, and William Loftus: Who wrote the Mahatma Letters ? (This seems to be one of Joyce’s sources for information about Madame Blavatsky, and the word ‘hare’ may include their name whenever it occurs.) N—83.1...2: hares . . . between hopping and trapping (With an Alice allusion); 285.4: hare and dart (With the
    German hier und dort, ‘here and there’); 118.24: the hare and turtle pen and paper, the continually more or less intermisunderstanding minds of the anticollaborators ...; 238.21: May he colp, may he colp her, may he mixandmass colp her! Talk with a hare and you wake of a tartars (One of the implications of this is that a Hare has proved the Russian to be guilty. They describe the ‘miracles’ which attended the delivery of the Mahatma letters. A cup was produced from a mound; a broken china saucer was repaired by means of a sliding panel in a supposedly sealed cupboard; a little bell which occasionally rang was concealed in Madame Blavatsky’s skirts—these incidents are described by the Hares and have echoes in the Wake). Q—8.12: the Cup and Soracer (The cup and saucer); 243.22: tschaina; 353.36: crockery; 336.4: sorracer; 357.20: sliding panel; 205.12: Which leg is it? The one with the bells on it?
  163. Harington, Sir John: The Metamorphosis of Ajax. N—266.12: Harington’s invention (The water-closet as described in his book). TN—447.1...9: Jakeline ... the sludge of King Haarington’s at its height (Jacqueline Pascal is also named in this passage).
  164. Harris, Joel Chandler: Uncle Remus. N—326.32(?): Harris. T—442.8: Uncle Remus. Q—574.4: Brerfuchs; 574.36: Breyfawkes.
  165. Harvey, William: Works. N—462.12: harvey loads of feeling (Harvey’s Works include an account of his post-mortem examination of Old Parr. ‘The fall. . .of a once wallstrait oldparr’ (3.18) alludes to Harvey’s suggestion that Parr’s death at the age of 151 was brought on by his having to do penance for incontinence. Joyce combines Harvey here with Harley, of Mackenzie’s Man of Feeling, who was so sensitive that he died when his proposal of marriage was accepted). 
  166. Hawthorn, Nathaniel: The Maypole of Merry mount. The Scarlet Letter. N—204.19: a whole drove of maiden hawthorns blushing and looking askance upon her. T—205.7: And here is her nubilee letters too. Ellis on quay with scarlet thread. Linked for the world on a flushcoloured field (The ‘Scarlet letter’ was sewn on Hester’s dress but she felt as if it had been branded on the flesh—hence ‘flushcoloured’. There is
    also a reference to a Dublin quay, and to the ‘scarlet thread’ of Rahab, the harlot—Joshua 2:18). T—375.27: nonstop marrimont!
  167. Healy, Timothy Michael: Letters and Leaders of My Day. NQ—24.18: Healiopolis (See main text. Joyce knew this book well but disliked Healy). NT—176.12: Heali Baboon and the Forky Theagues. N—329.34: Healy.
  168. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: Works. N—107.36: Hallhagal; 416.32: The June snows was flocking in thuckflues on the hegelstomes (Hegel was a voluminous writer— hence ‘tomes’—who taught that the order and connection of our thoughts are involved in the order and connection of things, and presupposed that Being and Knowing are identical. The atmospheric conditions in the Wake become chaotic to refute—or perhaps confirm this—as ‘the June snows . . . flocking’ on to the volumes of Hegel’s works suggest that Joyce’s concepts of Knowing and the universe are less tidy than Hegel’s).
  169. Hemans, Mrs. Felicia Dorothea: Poetical Works. N—397.31: Mrs Shemans. Q—385.32: the Moreigner bowed his crusted hoed and Tilly the Tailor’s Tugged a Tar (Parodies the first fine of ‘Bernado del Carpo’: ‘The warrior bowed his crested
    head and tamed his heart of fire’). T—342.9: a middinest from the Casabianca.
  170. Hermes Trismegistus: The Smaragdine Tablet. N—(?) 81.07: Anton Hermes; (?) 313.27: that is Heres (In a passage alluding to alchemy). NTQ—263.21: The tasks above are as the flasks below saith the emerald canticle of Hermes (Probably quoted
    from A. Symons, see main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  171. Herodotus: History. NT—13.20: our herodotary Mammon Lujius in his grand old historiorum. N—275, note 5: hairyoddities (The note is to ‘Things of the past’); 614.2: horodities. 
  172. Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de: General History of the .. . West Indies. N—512.18: the herreraism of a cabotinesque exploser (In a passage containing the names of many explorers of America).
  173. Herrick, Robert: Works. N—30.9: Herrick. QT—162.35: cheery ripe; 291.11: burryripe who’ll buy? 508.23: cherierapest.
  174. Heywood, Thomas: A Woman Killed with Kindness. T—430.32: the killingest ladykiller all by kindness.
  175. Hibbert, H. G.: A Playgoer’s Memories. N—388.29: howldmoutherhibbert (With old Mother Hubbard. Joyce is likely to have used some book to refresh his memories of the stage and this seems to be the most likely one. Many topics mentioned in the Wake are explained there; John McDougall; Sweeney Todd; old pantomimes; and an opera bouffe by Charles Collette called Cryptoconchoidsiphonostomata (135.16), which was followed by Trial by Jury on the stage, and so gives Joyce a good name
    for a nameless crime—are all chatted upon amiably by Hibbert).
  176. Hindu Scriptures. T—365.4: daimond cap daimond . . . panthoposopher (Possibly a reference to The Diamond Sutra); 80.24: Agni. ..Mithra . . . Shiva; 303.13: Upanishadem! Q—596.24: Atman.
  177. Hogg, James: The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner. N—69.19: hogg it and kidd him; 60.11: Golforgilhisjurylegs ... Up hog and hoar hunt (The devil in A Justified Sinner is called Gilmartin. Gill in the Wake seems always to mean a devil. See A Census, p. 46); 366.26: oggog hogs in the humand . . . scotchem! 487.7: thogged; 533.35: hoggs (See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  178. Holmes, Oliver Wendell: The Professor at the Breakfast Table. The Autocrat at the Breakfast Table. NT—458.23: Homesworth breakfast tablotts (With Harmsworth). T—434.31: the autocart of the bringfast cable; 124.9: a grave Brofesor; ath e’s Brek-fast-table. (See Muggleton for quotations.)
  179. Home, John: Douglas. AT—627.24: You’re but a puny. Home! Q—569.35: My name is novel and on the Granby in hills; 570.1: Mine name’s Apnorval and o’er the Grandbeyond Mountains (Joyce’s favourite example of a bad writer).
  180. Homer: Iliad. Odyssey. (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  181. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, S.J.: Works. N—26.2: Hopkins and Hopkins. Q—594.16: A flesch and rasch, it shall come to pasch, as hearth by hearth leaps live. (Suggests Hopkins’s ‘World’s wildfire leave but ash In a flash, at a trumpet crash . . .’— That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire). Q—293 margin: Spring of Sprung Verse. 
  182. Horace: Odes. Satires. Ars Poetica. N—307 margin: Horace; 319.21: Horace (Horace seems to be the name of the tailor who made the suit for the Norwegian captain and to be combined with Horus. But quotations from Horace are fairly numerous and rather obvious). Q—54.5: Favour with your tongues! (Odes, III, 1, 2); 57.22: an exegious monument aerily perennious (Odes, III, 30, 1); 58.18: Eheu, for gassies! (Odes, II, 14, 1); 116.30: sesquipedalia (Ars Poetica, 97); 168.13: Sacer esto ? (Sat. II, 3, 161—but this also occurs in The Law of the Twelve Tables)', 280.31: that fount Bandusian shall play (Odes III, 30, 1); 551.13: pelves ad hombres sumus (Odes, IV, 7, 16).
  183. Houghton, Stanley: Hindle Wakes (A play). T—608.28: In the wake . .. hindled. N—613.12: hottyhammyum.
  184. Housman, Alfred Edward: A Shropshire Lad. N—205.35: This is the Hausman all paven and stoned . . . (With Baron Haussmann. But mocking Housman’s rhythms); 129.16: a no street hausmann when allphannd (‘Allphannd’ includes the meaning
    ‘when called Alf’; A.E. is the ‘no street’, Baron Haussmann was responsible for paving many streets). T—386.5: duckasaloppics (From Salop=Shropshire. Cf. Pound, ‘Mr Housman . . . seems hardly to consider any verse save that having good heavy swat on every alternate syllable’—Literary Essays, p. 72).
  185. Hsiung, S. I.: Lady Precious Stream (A play). T—332.22: leedy plasheous stream (A copy of this was in Joyce’s library. See Connolly, p. 20). 
  186. Hugo, Victor: Works. N—211.18: Victor Hugonot; 29i.4(?): whowghowho? Q—541.22: Walhallow, Walhallow, mourn in plein!
  187. Hume, David: Works. N—80.18: laid in its last cradle of hume, sweet hume; 97.24: unhume; 261.5: his hume; 450.13: humely odours. (All seem to depend on puns upon Hume, home and humus.)
  188. Humphreys, Henry: The Justice of the Peace in Ireland (4th ed. 1871). NT—134-34: Humphrey’s Justesse of the Jaypees; 275, note 4: Humphrey’s Justice of the Piece. N—196.21: the King fiercas Humphrey with illysus distilling, exploits and all. Huysmans, Joris Karl: A Rebours. La Cathedrale. Q—120.13: that ideal reader (From: ‘Le roman . . . deviendrait une communion entre un ecrivain magique et un ideal lecteur.’—A Rebours, p. 265). QT—486.17: a blackfrinch pliestrycook ... a cathedral of lovejelly (Includes the title of La Cathedrale and an allusion to the dinner entirely in black described in A Rebours).
  189. Ibsen, Henrik: Works. N—170.26: Gibsen’s teatime; 378.25: Shaw and Shea are lorning obsen; 535.19: Ibscenest nanscence!
    Brand. T—583.29: brand; 617.16: a brand rehearsal.
    - Catiline. T—307 margin: Catilina.
    - Crown Pretenders (Kongsemmerne). T—133.36: kongsemma; 252.15: crown pretenders.
    - The Doll’s House (Et Dukkehjem). T—294, note 1: dolls’ home; 395.29: duckhouse; 533.18: cagehaused duckyheim (With The Wild Duck); 577.1: weak wiffeyducky (With The Wild Duck).
    - Emperor and Galilean (Kejser og Galilceer). T—540.23: quaysirs and galleyliers.
    - An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende). T—442.2: enemy of our country; 542.18: folksfiendship, enmy pupuls.
    - Ghosts (Gengangere). T—126.15: chainganger’s; 323.35: ghustorily spoking, gen and gang ...; 540.24: gaingangers.
    - Hedda Gabler. T—540.24: stale headygabblers.
    - The Lady from the Sea (Fruen fra Havet). T—540.24: fresh letties from the say.
    - The League of Youth. T—310.17: the Ligue of Yahooth o.s.v. (O.s.v. is a Norwegian abbreviation meaning ‘And so on’. The Order of St. Vincent are Irish teaching fathers.)
    - Little Eyolf {Lille Eyolf). T—201.33: abbles for Eyolf.
    - Love’s Comedy. T (?)—540.26: politicoecomedy.
    - The Masterbuilder {Bygmester Solness). T—4.18: Bygmester; 58.16: Mester Begge; 62.03: baggermalster; 77.03: misterbuilder; 111.21: the master bilker; 296.7: our monstrebilker; 324.27: bygger muster; 337.18: biggermaster; 377.26: myterbuilder; 530,32: Bigmesser; 576.28: Byg Maester; 607.30: Boergemister; 624.11: soleness . . .bigmaster.
    - Peer Gynt. T— 63.28: pier; 75.17 peer, 311.29, 389.29, 445.25 (All ‘peer’ punning on ‘pair’); 251.14: pierce; 540.22: peers and gints; 614.3: Ormepierre. Q—246.6: at Asa’s arthre; 279, note 1: my old nourse Asa; 326.10: aase; 313.13: boyg; 330.8: soloweys sang (Solveig’s song).
    -Pillars of Society (Sanfundets Stotter). T—96.31: some funneer stotter; 540.24: pullars off societies.
    - The Viking's Barrow (Kjaempehejen). T—18.13: viceking’s graab; 383.22: Downbelow Kaempersally (With W. W. Kelly and Sally).
    - The Warriors of Helgeland (Haermaende paa Helgeland) T (?)—Trp. 22: horneymen.
    - The Wild Duck (Vildanden). T—233.12: wily geeses; 263.19: vild need (And see The Doll's House above).
    - When We Dead Awaken (Naar vi dode vaagner). T—170.18: when wee deader walkner; 540.24: dudder wagoners.
    - Poems. Q—199.4: holding doomsdag over hunselv, dreeing his weird (This was pointed out by Kenner in Dublin's Joyce, p. 78. At digt—det er at holde/ dommedag over sig selv: ‘To write poetry is to hold doom-sessions over oneself’).
  190. Ingelow, Jean: ‘High Tide on the Coast of Lincolnshire’. Q—577.26: cowslips yillow, yellow, yallow.
  191. Ingram, John Kells: ‘The Memory of the Dead’. N—93.29: Sean Kelly’s anagrim. Q—553.32: truemen like yahoomen.
  192. Irenaeus, St.: Against Heresies. N—23.19: Irenean. Q—447.24: Why such a number . . . why any number at all (II, 26, 2).
  193. James, Henry: The Lesson of the Master. The Altar of the Dead. N—The name James occurs often and may sometimes refer to Henry James, but he is never named in full. T—539.8: my best master’s lessons. Q—540.28: Been so free! Thank you besters! (The first three words are the exclamation of the Hero of The Lesson when he learns that ‘The Master’, Mr. H. St. George, has stolen the girl he loves while he has been following ‘the Master’s’ advice by giving all his attention to his writing). T—462.1: maitre d'autel (Combines both titles); 465.2: Julia Bride (A story in The Altar of the Dead). Q—464.36: I’m proud of you french (French is a character of whom
    Julia Bride says she is proud); 536.17: husband her verikerfully (Vereker is a writer, the secret of whose works is never penetrated in ‘The Figure in the Carpet’, one of the stories in The Altar of the Dead. It was so involved that the difficulties seemed insuperable until ‘some day somewhere when he wasn’t thinking, they fell, in all their superb intricacy, into the one right combination. The figure in the carpet came out.’ This is another image for the Wake—but the solver dies before he can explain his discovery).
  194. Jarry, Alfred: Works. N—463.12: He has novel ideas I know and he’s a jarry queer fish betimes (Jarry wrote Le Surmale, which has been described as ‘the only strictly surrealist novel’, and Ubu Roi, an extravagant farce in which one of his former teachers is enthroned as king. All his works are full of novel, but perhaps queer, ideas. He was very eccentric). Jones, Henry Arthur: Michael and his Lost Angels. N—487.io:Jones. T—147.2...6: lost, angel . . . Mitchell; 443.35: Michan and his lost angeleens.
  195. Jonson, Benjamin: Volpone. Underwoods. N—38.2: benjamin; 192.35: joyntstone. T—97.14: volponism. Q—84.1: Moscas; 40.25: nano. T—526.32: Underwood.
  196. Jousse, Rev. Marcel, S.J.: Works. N—468.5: he jousstly says; 535.3: joussture; 568.8: joustle for that sonneplace (Fr. Jousse is a philologist who believes that language is derived from gesture. Joyce agreed with him.) JV(?)—416.12: joust.
  197. Joyce, James: Works. (See main text. All Joyce’s works are mentioned in the Wake.)
  198. Jung, Carl Gustave: Works. N—115.22: yung; 268, note 3: The law of the jungerl; 460.20: Jung- fraud’s Messongebook (See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  199. Karrs, Alphonse: Voyage autour de mon jar din. N—339.14: Karrs and Polikoff’s the men’s confessioners. T—309.7: like your rumba round me garden allatheses (Karr’s thesis was that all women and all countries are alike—so why travel?)
  200. Keats, John: Works. <2—162.35: A king off duty and a jaw for ever! 266.14: love at the latch (Joyce may be thinking of Isabella-. ‘He knew whose gentle hand was at the latch/ Before the door had given her to his eyes’).Kennedy, Margaret: The Constant Nymph. N—498.19: at Kennedy’s kiln. T—577.11: constant lymph.
  201. Keegan, John: ‘Caoch the Piper’. T—43.20: Caoch O’Leary.
  202. Keller, Gottfried: Works. N—527.30: in his storm collar (Theodor Storm was Keller’s friend).
  203. Kickham, Charles Joseph: Knocknagow. N—208.31: Kickhams a frumpier ever you saw. T—228.32: a knockonacow (This probably refers also to the often-repeated story that Kickham was once found gazing intently at a picture of a cowin a Dublin gallery, and, when asked why, said: ‘She is so like an old cow at Mullinahone’).
  204. Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye: Enten-Eller (.Either-Or). N—201.31: kirkeyaard; 246.1: kerkegaard. T—281.25: Enten eller. either or. (Ibsen saw the world in colours—or, rather, shades of grey—as Kierkegaard painted it, but I do not think that his philosophy seriously affected Joyce, although I would not attempt to defend this statement if it were contested by someone with a knowledge of Danish, in which some quotations from Kierkegaard are possibly concealed. His three ‘stages’ of life: aesthetic, ethic and religious, may have been imposed on Vico’s epochs).
  205. Kingsley, Charles: The Water Babies. ‘The Three Fishers’. T—198.8: the waterbaby. Q—512.25: hairweed . . . bar in the moarning.
  206. Kipling, Rudyard: Works.
    - ‘Danny Deaver’. T—352.27: the Dann Deafir warcry.
    - ‘Love O’Women’. T—436.13: Loves o’ women.
    - ‘Boots’. Q—332.35: boths, booths, booths, booths.
    - ‘The Absent-Minded Beggar’. Q—249.17: paypaypay.
    - Just-So Stories. T—153.26: justotoryum (This is mocking at Kipling for the admitted didactic element in his stories for children—‘Just to Tory them’. It is noteworthy that Kipling forestalled Joyce in some of his innovations; and stated in Something of Myself that he deliberately wrote Puck of Pook’s Hill on four levels, to be interpreted by four different types of readers; and even included a cryptogram in it—although he had himself forgotten the answer).
  207. Kleist, Heinrich von: Der zerbrochene Krug. TQ—70.4: myth brockendootsch, making his reporterage on Der Fall Adams. Q—532.6: Amtsadam, sir, to you! (The play is an allegory of the fall of Adam through his love for Eve. Adam is the local judge—Amt—office—trying a case in which a jug has been broken; but he has broken the jug himself while attempting to seduce the innocent girl, Eve Rull).
  208. Kraft-Ebbing, Richard von: Psychopathia Sexualis. N—290.28: his craft ebbing (I have been told that Joyce was given a copy of this book in Zurich and afterwards lost it. Perhaps this explains why it seems to have been used for Ulysses and not for the Wake).
  209. Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivich: Works. N—81.18: cropatkin.
  210. Krylov, Ivan: Fables. NT—159.14: crylove fables (There is a faint echo in 416.14 of
  211. Krylov’s ‘Gadfly and Ant’. See Krylov's Fables, trans. Bernard Pares, London: Jonathan Cape, 1926, p. 71).
  212. La Fontaine, Jean: Fables. N(?)T—414.17: one from the grimm gests of Jacko andEsaup, fable one, feeble too . . . the Ondt and the Gracehoper. (La Cigale et la fourmi is ‘fable one’ in La Fontaine’s book, and Joyce’s story simply turns it inside out, so perhaps ‘Jacko’ indicates Jean). •
  213. Lamb, Mary UPDATE: (1764-1847) N-223.01 “Mirrylamb”: British poet and anthologist. Charles Lamb's sister. Bipolar. Killed her mother. Some of her books were published under Charles's name or were a joint venture.
  214. Lannigan, Rev. John: Ecclesiastical History of Ireland. N—354.17: Meetinghouse Lanigan.
  215. Lavater, Johann Kaspar: Physiognomische Fragmente. N—260.10: diagnonising Lavatery Square (Lavater wrote that: ‘The outward and visible is determined by the inner and spiritual.’)
  216. Layamon: Brut. NT—254.6: your brutest layaman; 359.17: layaman’s brutstrenth.
  217. Lear, Edward: A Book of Nonsense, by Lear and others. Everyman’s
    Library. (This book was in Joyce’s library, see Connolly, p. 9. It contains ‘The English Struwwelpeter’ which may be referred to in 212.2: Roaring Peter. But the quotations from Lear are from poems not in this book.) N—65.4: Mr Leer. Q—275.27: crankley hat; 406.5: the roastery who lives on the hilli. 334.24: pobbel; 454.35: pobbel queue’s remainder.
  218. Lecky, W. E. H.: History of Ireland. History of Rationalism. N—279.16: lecking; 438.25: in the slack march of civilisation ... becoming guilty of unleckylike intoxication (Lecky saw history as a march of progress; Joyce thought it went round in circles irrationally). 
  219. Lee, Nathaniel: The Rival Queens. TN—132.10...15: their rival queens ... Miraculone, Monstrueceleen.
  220. Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan: The House by the Churchyard. NT—213.1: Lefanu (Sheridan’s) Old House by the Coachyard. N—265.4: Lefanunian. T—96.7: the old house by the chapelizod; 245.36: De oud huis bij de kerkegaard. (A major source. See main text: ‘Irish Writers’.) 
  221. Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm: La Monadologie.
    N—416.29: the leivnits in his hair made him think he had the Tossmania (Combines the name Leibnitz with a mocking reference to his Monads—simple substances endowed with power of action).
  222. Leland, Thomas: History of Ireland. N—311.5: lealand; 487.31: Leelander.
  223. Lever, Charles: Tom Burke of Ours. Harry Lorrequer. N—93.34: Samvouwill Leaver (With Samuel Lover, q.v.). T—106.5: Tonnoburkes; 228.21: hurry laracor.
  224. Levy-Bruhl, Lucien: How Natives Think. Primitive Mentality. ..N—150.15: Professor Loewy-Brueller; 151.11: Professor Levi-Brulo; 151.32: Professor Llewellys ap Bryllars (A major source. See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  225. Lewis, Percy Wyndham: Works. Time and Western Man. T—292.6: Spice and Westend Woman
    (utterly exhausted before publication, indiapepper edition shortly).QN—56.21...28: some lazy scald or maundering pote, lift wearywilly his slowcut snobsic eyes . . . Nonsense! There was not very much windy Nous blowing at the given moment through the hat of Mr Melancholy Slow! (‘Windy’ is naming Lewis. The passage replies to Lewis’s: ‘There is not very much reflection going on at any time inside the head of Mr. James Joyce’, and his complaint that Stephen moves ‘with incredible slowness . . . how he raises his hand, passes it over his aching eyes . . .’). Q—108.27: this Aludin’s cove of our cagacity (Lewis described Ulysses as ‘an Aladdin’s cave of incredible bric-a-brac’); 167.12: gropesarching eyes (Lewis mocked the phrase ‘great searching eyes’ in Ulysses). T—320.17: wastended shootmaker. Childermass. T—330.33: The kilder massed; 355.34: childerness. NT—236.7: Luisome . . . Cantalamesse (Includes Candlemas Day—February 2nd, Joyce’s birthday). Cantelman's Spring Mate. (Named above with Childermass.) T—172.6: You will enjoy cattlemen’s spring meat. Snooty Baronet. T—493.14: Snooker, bort. Blasting and Bombardiering. T—167.14: blasted . . . bomb (See Kenner, Dublin’s Joyce, pp. 362-9).
  226. Livy: History of Rome. N—260.9: Long Livius Lane; 452.18: the annals of our ... livy.
  227. Lodge, Sir Oliver: Raymond. N—421.2: lodge. Q—535.36: That was Communicatot, a former colonel. A discarnated spirit . . . may fernspreak shortly with messuages from my deadported; 533.24: K.K. {Raymond, p. 255: ‘a colonel’; p. 360: ‘the Communicator’; p. 205: ‘K.K.’—a medium. The chief medium mentioned is Miss Alta Piper who is referred to as ‘A.L.P.’ on almost every occasion. There are many minor details—spirits smoking cigars, and so on—which Joyce may have borrowed).
  228. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth: Poetical Works. N—261, note 2: Longfellow; 82.13: stlongfella. Hiawatha. Q—206.15: Minneha . . .; 450.5: minnowahaw. T—• 600.7: minnyhahaing here from hiarwather. The Wreck of the Hesperus. T—557.6: the wrake of the hapspurus. Q—387.20: the wreak of Wormans’ Noe (‘The reef of Norman’s Woe’). The Belfry of Bruges. Reference: 56.15: as Roland rung, a wee
    dropeen of grief (Roland is the name of the alarm bell in the belfry; when it rang Longfellow found his eyes ‘wet with most delicious tears’. The name Roland in the Wake always includes this bell in its signification).
  229. Lovelace, Richard: Poems. N—231.12: lowey. (This attribution is made in A Skeleton Key, p. 126.)
  230. Lover, Samuel: Handy Andy. Legends and Stories of Ireland. ‘Molly
    Bawn’. N—93.34: Samyouwill... Lover that jolly old molly bit. T—129.17: the handiest of all andies; 229.2: a writing in handy antics; 409.31: ambly andy. Q—557.6: Kong Gander O’Toole (‘King Gander O’Tool’ from Legends and Stories). Lucan : Pharsalia.
    N—419.36: Charley Lucan (With Charles Lucas, q.v.); 255.21: that Buke of Lukan (Follows a fist of Latin authors but includes St. Luke’s Gospel and the Book of Lecan as well as Lucan’s work.) T—353.24: Parsuralia.
  231. Lucas, Charles: Pamphlets on the Government of Ireland. N—419.36: The fuellest filth ever fired since Charlie Lucan’s (Lucas’s pamphlets were banned).
  232. Lyly, John: Works. N—583.9: lylyputtana. (With Swift’s Lilliput.)
  233. Lytton, Lord Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron: The Lady of
  234. Lyons. Richelieu. The Last Days of Pompeii. T—229.10: lady the lalage of lyonesses; 449.11: my lady of Lyons; 519.33 and 520.13: Mrs Lyons (?). Q—34.33: Pauline, allow!; 306.18: Is the pen mightier than the sword? (Richelieu, Act 2, Scene 2—but this is a well-known quotation). T—64.14: last days of pompery.
  235. Macaulay, Lord Thomas Babington, 1st Baron: Essays. Lays of Ancient Rome. N—25.36: Mick Mac Magnus MacCawley; 618.1: MacCrawls. T—277.5: lays of ancient homes. Q—83.7: lards porsenal. Essay on Clive. Q—101.16: everyschoolfilly of sevenscore moons or more who knows; 339.32: who strungled Attahilloupa with what empoisoned El Monte de Zuma; 492.18: Zenaphia Holwell . . .Surager Dowling ... I hindustand. Essay on Ranke's History of the Popes. Q—56.20: our Traveller . . .
    from van Demon’s land; 156.29: that brokenarched traveller from Nuzuland.
  236. MacCarthy, Denis Florence: Poems. N—200.34: Denis Florence MacCarthy’s combies (Perhaps because he had Christian names of both sexes); 231.15: dense floppens mugurdy (As an example of a bad poet); 452.9: Tennis Flonnels MacCourther.
  237. MacDonald, John: ‘Daily News Diary’ of the Parnell Commission. N—87.12: Hyacinth O’Donnell, B.A. (A major source. See main text, chapter: ‘Irish Writers’).
  238. McGee, Thomas D’Arcy: Poems. History of Ireland. N—231.14: wretched some horsery megee.
  239. Machiavelli, Niccolo: II Principe. TQN—89.6: The prince in principel should not expose his person? Macchevuole! (This includes both English and Italian titles). N—182.20: Nichiabelli.
  240. Macpherson, James: Ossian. NT—123.25: MacPerson’s Oshean; 294.13: Makefearsome’s Ocean. N—423.1: jameymock farceson. T—139.21: the Rageous Ossean. Fingal. 22.10: a loud fingale; 72.7: the Sons of Fingal; 106.17: FingaUians; 215.14: fingalls; 329.14: Fingal; 469.15: Fingale; 496.18: I have it here to my fingall’s ends; 228.4: Everallin; 228.14: Gel-chasser; 228.12: Brassolis; 231.12: Fonar; 231.28: Malthos (These are all characters from Fingal or Temora). 131.23: Mora and Lora (These are two hills mentioned in Fingal and Temora (UPDATE: 86.08 Temorah). The passage which includes them is based on Ossian). 329.14: Cathlin (Heroine of Cathlin of Cluna). Surly Tuhal smiled upon drear Darthoola: and Roscranna’s bolgaboyo begirlified the daughter of Cormac (Cormac is the king of the Fianna, Rosecranna is his daughter). ‘Darthoola’ (329.17) is Macpherson’s Darthula, and Tuhal is another character in Fingal. 131.22: our swaran foi (Swaran was Fingal’s foe). Q—4.15: Phall if you but will, rise you must (‘Fall I may! But raise my tomb’—Carric-Thura).
  241. Macrobius: Works.N—255.20: micmacrobius.
  242. Maeterlinck, Maurice: La Vie des Abeilles. La Vie des Fourmis. L’Araignee de Cristal. N—417.4: his good smetterling of entymology (With a reference to his books about insects. Schmetterling is German for butterfly. He is also Joyce’s probable source for 108.15: Elberfeld’s CalculatingHorses).
  243. Maginn, William: Works. N—458.18: magginbottle (Maginn drank himself to death. Joyceknew by heart Mangan’s poem, ‘The Nameless One’, which contains the lines:
    ‘And he fell far through that pit abysmal.
    The gulf and grave of Maginn and Burns,
    And pawned his soul for the devil’s dismal
    Stock of returns’).
  244. Mahony, Francis Sylvester (Father Prout’): Reliques of Father Prout. ‘The Bells of Shandon’. N—133.2: Mahony; 482.31: The prouts. Q—139.16 (Parody of ‘Bells of Shandon’). T—393.27: their poor old Shandon Bellbox; 483.6: the bells of scandal; 445.28: and recollection by rintrospection.
  245. Malachi: Prophecy concerning the Roman Pontiffs. T—155.34: Malachy the Augurer. (Joyce’s ‘personal library’ contained a copy of: Piobb, P.-V. Le Sort de VEurope d’apres la celebre prophetie des papes de Saint Malachie . . . Paris: Editions Dangles,
    1939. See Connolly, p. 31. But this was published too late for F.W.).
  246. Malherbe, Francois de: Works. N—478.9: there are fully six hundred and six ragwords in your malherbal Magis landeguage. (The Donkey has said this and seems to have confused Malherbe with bad grazing saying that there are ragworts—a weed noxious to cattle—growing there to the number of 606, which suggests Salvarsan.)
  247. Mallarme, Stephane: Works. L’Apres-Midi d’un Fame. Un Coup de Des. T—122.13: Day the Dicebox Throws. (Un Coup de Des). (See main text and D. Hayman, Joyce et Mallarme.)
  248. Malory, Sir Thomas: Morte d’Arthur. T—151.20: Mortadarthella taradition. N—151.24: Mullocky (This is also Malachi who ‘wore the collar of gold’ but the traditions of Tara and Camelot are combined in this passage). T—392.34: The merthe dirther! Q—285.2: mierelin roundtableturning; 132.5: the modareds that came at him in Camlenstrete; 389.23: gouty old gala- hat, with his peer of quinnyfears (With Peer Gynt. There are about twenty references to Arthur and Guinevere but they are combined with many other themes. E.g. 28.1: queenoveire (Makes Guinevere queen of Ireland); 285 margin: Arthurgink’s hussies and Everguin’s men (Here King Arthur’s Gwendolen and Guinevere are balanced against his queen’s lovers to the rhythm of ‘All the king’s horses and all the king’s men’. The balanced reversals of the names set up the kind of pattern Joyce liked to establish.)
  249. Mangan, James Clarence: Poems. N(J)—41.4: Mongan; 209.7: Clarence (With Clarence from Richard III); 211.1: Mann in the Cloack. Q—93.27: from dark Rosa Lane a sigh and a weep; 351.9: durck rosolun; 419.25: from the Otherman or off the Toptic (Also a quotation from Joyce’s essay on Mangan); 387.17: long long ago ... the barmaisigheds (UPDATE: 79.06), when my heart knew no care (And see: Williams, R. D’A.); 535.29: Nine dirty years mine age, hairs hoar (The Nameless One: ‘Old and hoary/ At thirty nine’); 66.14: written in seven divers stages of ink (From a description of a Mangan MS. by Imogen Guiney: ‘O’Daly also had said that the versions of the Munster poets were often brought to him in different coloured inks indicative of different public houses in which they were composed.’—I. Guiney, James Clarence Mangan. London: John Lane, 1897, p. 22.)
  250. Manners, John Hartley: Peg O’ My Heart (A play). T—290.3: peg-of-my-heart; 362.20: the peg ... off his heart; 490.31: of his heart . . . Pegeen; 577.16: peg of his . . . heart (There are probably references to Manners’s wife, Laurette Taylor, who played
    the part of Peg). T—143.1: Sweet Peck-at-my-Heart picks one man more. N—99.8: masculine manners; 365.33: Taylor.
    Manzoni, Alessandro: I Promessi Sposi. T—361.6: Spose we try it promissly. N—361.13: man’s in his . . .
  251. Mardrus, J. C.: (Trans.) Le Koran. (In Joyce’s library, but only the first thirty-two pages have been opened. See Connolly, p. 23.) N—374.12: the Murdrus dueled; 517.11: The author, in fact, was mardred.
  252. Margadant, Simon Lemnius: Raetius. TQN—327.11 ... 13 ... 14 ... 15 ... 18: rheadoromanscing . . .ester ... pled ... glatsch ... piz .. . aura .. . marchadant (The first word gives the language, Raeto-Romanic or Romansch, and the title; the last word gives the author’s name; between come Romansch words meaning—in order—foreign, word, ice, mountain-peak and weather.)
  253. Marx, Karl: Das Kapital. N—83.10: marx; 83.15: remarxing; 365.19: nompos mentis like Novus Elector what with his Marx and their Groups (Seems to include the statement that the new voter who favours Marx is of unsound mind.)
  254. Matharan, M.-M.: Casus de matrimonio. (According to Connolly: ‘The most heavily marked of all the books in the Joyce Library.’—p. 25. Its influence, however, seems to be confined to the passage beginning 572.19: ‘The Procurator Intero- garius Mealterum . . .’ and ending 573.32: ‘Has he hegemony and shall she submit?’ Incidentally this passage is the subject of a story, ‘A Case of Conscience’, in Best SF (Ed. E. Crispin) Faber & Faber.1
  255. Maturin, Charles Robert: Melmoth the Wanderer. N—335.35: O Mr Mathurin, they were calling, what a topheavy hat you’re in! (With St. Maturin, the French patron of fools, whose hat, presumably, is a fool’s cap. The Camb. Hist, of Lit., XIII, II, p. 261, describes Melmoth as being ‘written in a style of towering nonsense’. The reference here may include Oscar Wilde, who took the name Melmoth in Paris, and ‘mathurin’ is a French slang word for a sailor.)
  256. Mead, G. R. S.: Thrice Great Hermes. N—563.3: A stake in our mead . . . How his book of craven images; 479.8: Meads Marvel, thass withumpronounceable tail; (?) 18.22: Meades. Q—263.21: The tasks above are as the flasks below, saith the emerald canticle of Hermes. (But Joyce met this first in Arthur Symons, The Symbolist Movement in Literature, see above, p. 46.)
  257. Melville, Herman: Moby Dick. Reference 13.34: groot hwide Whalefisk; 270.14: queckqueck.
  258. Michelet, Jules: (Translator) Principes de la philosophic de Vhistoire, traduits de la scienza nuova de J. B. Vico, et precedes d’un discours sur le systeme et la vie de Vauteur. Bruxelles, 1839. N—117.11: The olold stolium! From quiqui quinet to michemiche chelet and a jambebatiste to a brulobrulo! (Michelet was a friend of Edgar Quinet who translated Herder and wrote an essay on Vico, from which Joyce quotes the sentence 281.4-13. The summary (pp. 6-39) of Vico’s theories contains nearly everything that Joyce used from Vico. Perhaps a major source.
  259. Mill, John Stuart: The Subjugation of Women. On Liberty. NT—213.2: Mill (J) On Woman with Ditto on the Floss. Ja, a swamp for Altmuehler and a stone for his flossies. (According to a letter in the T.L.S., 21st August, 1953, by P. G. Burbidge, this
    comes from H. R. Wheatley, What is an Index? London: Henry Sotheran & Co., 1878, p. 66: ‘Mill on Liberty — on the Floss.’) N—416.32: hegelstomes, millipedes (In a passage about philosophers). 1 Since expanded into a full-length novel: A Case of Conscience. James Blish, Faber & Faber, 1959.
  260. Miller, Hugh: Old Red Sandstone. Footprints of the Creator. NT—213.2: Altmuehler and a stone. T—137.16: footprints on the megacene.
  261. Milligan, Alice: The Last Feast of the Fianna (A play). N—133.26: was drummatoysed by Mac Milligan’s daughter (The passage is about Finn).
  262. Milton, John: Paradise Lost, Works. N—71.7: Milltown. T—610.34: Peredos Last; 615.25: paladays last. <2—182.4: light phantastic; 194.15: clothed upon with the mettuor and shimmering like the horescens (This combines two phrases from P.L.: ‘clothed with transcendent light’—I, 86; and ‘shone like a meteor’—I, 537). UPDATE: 220.28 echo of opening of Paradise Lost: “the fruit / Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste / Brought death into the world, and all our woe.”  In this case the fruit is a peach. (Genesis, after all, never specifies which kind of fruit.) 230.25: such as engines weep; 505.16: like angels weeping; 343.36: Of manifest ’tis obedience and the. Flute! 233.33: pure undefallen engelsk. T—203.26: lucydlac; Q—203.26 . . . 28 . . . 30: enamelled eyes... violetian ... laurals (Lycidas, 11.134,139,149.)
  263. Minucius, Felix: Octavius. N—486.13: Minucius Mandrake. Q—124.16: the ancestral pneuma of one whom, with rheuma, he venerated shamelessly ... at Cockspur Common.
  264. Mistral, Frederic; Works. Mireille. N—453.17: Mistral; T—327.30: mireiclles; Q—43.22: the felibrine trancoped metre (Mistral founded the Felibrige school of poets).
  265. Mitchell, John: Jail Journal. N—13.9: Miry Mitchell; 281, note 4: All this Mitchells . . . T—228.33: gheol ghiornal (Probably includes Wilde’s De Profundis). Q—601.17...34 (This passage is mainly about Kevin Izod O’Doherty whom Mitchel met and called ‘St. Kevin’).
  266. Moliere, Jean Baptiste Poquelin: Le Malade Imaginaire. Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. N—117.12: jambebatiste. (With Vico and St. John the Baptist). T—177.27: his Ballade Imaginaire; 365.4: baron gentilhomme. Q—3.12: sosie (The word is used in French to signify ‘twin or double’ from the character Sosie in Moliere’s version of Amphitryon).
  267. Mommsen, Theodor: Roman History. N—155.33: Mumfsen. (Cited as one of the Mookse’s authorities.)
  268. Moore, George: Confessions of a Young Man. Ave. Salve. Vale. N—160.25: Will you please come over and let us mooremoore murgessly to each’s other down below our vices (This alludes to Moore’s weakness for confession and combines him with Moore and Burgess, the black-faced minstrels). T—147.6: Aves Selvae Acquae Valles! 305.27 Ave ... Vale . . . salvy; 600.7: whereinn once we lave ’tis alve and vale.
  269. Moore, Thomas: Irish Melodies. Lallah Rookh. TN—106.8: Medoleys from Tommany Moohr; 184.15: lallaryrook moromelodious . . .; 331.12: Tommy Melooney; 439.9: Moore’s melodies; 468.27: the moore the melodest; 492.34: tummy moor’s
    maladies. Q—Mr. M. J. C. Hodgart has pointed out that Joyce quotes all the titles of Moore’s Melodies together with the name of the air to which each was set. For example: 49.6: alohned in crowds to warnder on like Shuley Luney. This comes from ‘Alone in crowds to wander on’, words which Moore wrote to the tune Shule Aroon. But as these borrowings have been fully discussed by Mr. Hodgart, and come under the heading of songs rather than literature, they will not be listed here. There do not seem to be any quotations from Lallah Rookh; but 68.12: Aslim-all-Muslim may refer to Azim, the hero of the first part of that book, and 394.18: Lally . . . and Roe, to the
    reference in it to Sir Thomas Roe.
  270. Morgan, Sydney, Lady: The Wild Irish Girl. N—36.5: Morganspost; 60.27...33: Sydney . . . Moirgan’s lady.
  271. Morley of Blackburn, John, 1st Viscount: The Life of Gladstone. N—541.12: morely. (Gladstone forms a part of the figure of H.C.E. and this work is probably Joyce’s source for the details about Gladstone, e.g. 31.16: some shortfingeredness. See Wright, Peter E.)
  272. Morris, William: News from Nowhere. NT—333.36: Noviny news from Naul . . . Morrienbaths. UPDATE: The Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland: 79.01 the plain being involved in darkness (of the Druid Luchat Mael, in his contest with Saint Patrick) 'By his spells and incantations he brought snow upon the ground up to the men's girdles, and involved the whole plain in darkness, but he could neither remove the snow nor dispel the darkness, both of which disappeared at the prayer of Patrick'.
  273. Motley, John Lothrop: The Rise of the Dutch Republic. N—338.11: Mottledged. T—105.22: the Rise of the Dudge Pupublic.
  274. Muggleton, Lodowick: The Divine Looking-Glass. N—123.21: Neomugglian Teachings:; 312.26: Muggleton. T—408.21: what Simms sobs today I’ll reeve tomorry . . . I’m thine owelglass. (Muggleton’s associate was John Reeves, here combined with the tenor Simms Reeves. But there is no evidence that Joyce had read Muggleton’s books. ‘Neomugglian Teachings’ is probably referring to the modern psycho-analysts, particularly Jung and Freud, who claim that no one can be accepted as an authority on their subject who has not himself been psycho-analysed. Joyce compares this to the taunt made by O. W. Holmes (q.v.) in The Professor at the Breakfast Table about the Muggletonians—who will only accept criticism from people who have professed Muggletonianism. The reference to Holmes’s book follows shortly after the reference to Neomugglian teachings, and this is surrounded by phrases suggesting psycho-analysis.)
  275. Murray, Lindley: Grammar of the English Language. N—269.20: all them fine clauses in Lindley’s and Murrey’s.
  276. Nashe, Thomas: Pierce Penniless, His Supplication to the Devil. N—75.20: Nash of Girahash; 290.29...291.27: the unirish title, Grindings of Nash ... a notoriety, a foist edition ... (This passage is mainly about authors and Nashe seems to be one of them, although only the name and title may be used. Nash is Hebrew for snake—a symbol for Satan, and Pierce is short for Peter—whose pence are proverbial: so Pierce being penniless presents Joyce with another personification of his image of the writer as anti-Christ: ‘his wordwounder’ (75.19). There are many things in the Wake that could have been taken from Nashe’s works, but most of them are likely to have other sources. The following are typical examples. My references to Nashe are to McKerrow’s edition—30.2 (etc.): Humphrey; 405.17: nunch with good Duke Humphrey (Nashe, I, 163, III, 147); 86.8: Crowbar (Nashe I, 167); 94.13: Agrippa (Nashe I, 191); 415.15: sommerfool (Nashe III, 227: Summer's Last Will and Testament. This is a play about Will Sommers, Henry VIII’s fool. Joyce is also punning on somervogel, Swiss-German for butterfly). Q—378.20: The playgue will soon be over (Nashe: The plague full swift goes bye—III, 283— towards the end of the play.)
  277. Nepos, Cornelius: Themistocles. N—389.28: Cornelius Nepos. TQ—392.24: Themistletocles on his multilingual tombstone (‘An epitaph in several languages was written on his tomb’—Themistocles, X, 4).
  278. Newman, John Henry, Cardinal: ‘Lead, Kindly Light'. N—282.20: his element curdinal numen; 467.33: numan; 596.36 and 614.17: newman. T—112.9: Lead, kindly fowl! (See Letters, p. 305). Q—594-6: fight kindling fight has led we hopas but hunt me the
    Journeyon.
  279. Nicholas of Cusa: De Docta Ignorantia. NQ—49.33: Micholas de Cusack . . . the coincidence of their contraries; 163.17: Cusanus . . . old Nicholas (See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  280. Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm: Thus Spake Zarathustra. Ecce Homo. N—83.10: Nichtian. T—281 margin: Also Spuke Zerothruster. Q— 150.26: Why am I not bom like a Gentileman and why am I now so speakable about my own eatables. (Parodies the chapter titles of Ecce Homo.) Q—302 margin: Agonizing Overman.
  281. Nijinsky, Romola: Life of Vaslav Nijinsky. Q—274.8: entre chats; 274 margin: Pas d'action; 274, note 1: Go up quick, stay so long, come down slow. T—513.11: Dawncing the kniejinksky choreopiscopally like an easter sun . . .
  282. O’Doherty, Kevin Izod: Works. N—211.14: Kevineen O’Dea; 231.13: coffin acid odarkery; 283.14: O doherlynt! 601.18: Keavn!
  283. O’Gorman: Martyrology. (See Gorman.)
  284. O’Hegarty, P. S.: The Victory of Sinn Fein. Q—473-8: devil era (Joyce’s information about ‘Document Number One’, etc., may come in part from this book).
  285. Oliphant, Laurence and Margaret: Works. N—427.22: Tuskland where the oliphants scrum (Both cousins were born in Cape Town and became voluminous writers).
  286. Orczy, Baroness: The Scarlet Pimpernel. T—564.28: a scarlet pimparnell.
  287. O’Reilly, John Boyle: Works. N—231.13: gumboil owrithy.
  288. Origen: Works. N—161.8: origen. T(?)—155.35: the Cappon’s collection.
  289. Ovid (P. Ovidius Naso): Metamorphoses. Tristia. ExPonto. N—306 margin (Ironically placed opposite: ‘Is the pen mighter than the sword? A career in the Civil Service); 403.7: nasoes. T—190.30: a song of alibi . . . metamorphoseous (The first phrase probably refers to Tristia and Ex Ponto). QT—434.30: You’ll fix your eyes darkles on the autocart... but here till youre martimorphysed please sit still . . . how wrong will he look (One of the allusions here is to Ovid’s statement that he was exiled because he saw something.— Tristia, III, 5, 50). Q—267.9: plutonically pursuant . . . pretty Proserpronette whose slit satchel spilleth peas (But, like several other allusions—to Deucalion and Pyrrha, for example—this does not necessarily involve Ovid).
  290. Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombastes von Hohenheim): Works. N—484.34: Theophrastus Spheropneumaticus (It seems unlikely that Joyce read Paracelsus. Possibly his source was the ‘Digressions to Swift’s Tale of A Tub).
  291. Partridge, Eric: Works. N—344.7: partridge; 447.28: I am perdrix and upon my pet ridge (These allusions seem to combine four things: there is the almanack-maker, the modern lexicographer whose books Joyce seems to have used, the mythological Perdix and the phrase Toujours perdrix).
  292. Pascal, Blaise: Lettres Provinciates. Pensees. N—372.10: Blaize (And in the word ‘paschal’). T—403.14: Pensee! 408.31: what the eldest daughter she was panseying; 443.14: pansements; 446.3: loveliest pansiful thoughts (With Hamlet); 447.1...12:
    help our jakeline sisters . . . the provincials. References: 446.26: Euphonia; 528.24: Euphiamasly (Pascal’s sister Jacqueline took the name of Euphemia in religion at Port Royal, and wrote a Life of her brother. Joyce is using the pair as characters for Shem/Shaun and Issy). <2—271 margin: Cliopatria, thy hosies history, 172.27: You see chaps it will trickle out. . . (Pascal seems to be included in the page following this as a part of the character of Shem).
  293. Patrick, St.: Confessio. Tripartite Life. N—3.10: thuartpeatrick; 307.22: Saint Patrick (The name occurs nearly fifty times in various versions); 54.15: Cothraige; 480.12: Magnus; (?) 485.7: Suck at! (St. Patrick had four names: Sucat, Cothraige, Magonius and Patricius. See Tripartite Life, Rolls Series, 1887, p. 35. He is recognized as one of the voices that speak from the sleeping Yawn. His contributions begin on p. 478) 478.21: Moy jay trouvay la clay dang les champs', 478.25: trefling . . . partnick . . . padredges; 479.12: Pat . . .; 480.2: the slaver . . . Folchu . . . (These references thicken until pp. 483-4 is almost solidly based on the Confessio). N—483.34: patristic. T—484.1: I confess; 486.28: your tripartite. Q—169.11: an adze of a skull (‘St. Patrick was called Adzehead from his tonsure’—Tripartite Life, p. 35); 480.13: laid bare his breast to give suck (Refers to St. Patrick’s refusal to accept adoption by this ancient ceremony); 605.8: portable altare cum balneo (‘The portable stone altar . swam round the boat’—Tripartite Life, p. 447).
  294. Pelagius: Works. N—182.3: pelagiarist; 525.7: Pelagiarist!; 538.36: Pelagios.
  295. Petrarch, Francesco: Works. N—203.30: throw those laurels now on her daphdaph teasesong petrock; 269.24: the greater the patrarc the griefer the pinch.
  296. Plato: Works. QN—164.5...11: the omber the Skotia of the one . .. babbling point
    of platinism {Republic, 515 A). T—211.24: symposium’s syrup. Q—214.7: we’re umbas all {Rep., 514-8); 231.15: as thought it had been zawhen intwo (Referring to Aristophanes’ speech in The Symposium about man’s original body having been sawn in two). N—241.13: Talop’s . . . legture; 262.2: Approach to lead our passage! (Invoking Plato by an anagram of the initial letters). Q—281.17: shadows shadows multiplicating (Rep., 515 C.); 291.8: timocracy (Rep., 545 B., with T. M. Healy’s Dublin). NQ—292.30: twinnt Platonic yearlings—you must, how, in undivided reawlity draw the line somewhawre (Combines the Aristophanic joke about divided bodies with Plato’s image of ‘the divided line’ (Rep., 509 D.), and the ‘two circles appointed to go in contrary directions’ (Tim., 39 A.) which are referred to frequently in the next four pages). T—294.12: me now! (Meno—named for the geometry lesson it contains). Q—300.20...22: that Other by the halp of his creactive mind . . . our Same . . . (‘God . . . blended a third form of Being . . . out of the Same and the Other . . .’ (Tim., 39 A.). This is quoted by Yeats in a passage in A Vision (‘Creative Mind’, pp. 68 et seq.) which is also being quoted here). N—307 margin: Plato; 348.8: platoonic. T—415.34: me no. N—417.15: plate o’. Q—424.32: Every dimmed letter in it is a copy and not a few of the silbils and wholly words I can show you in my Kingdom of Heaven (Rep., 516-8); 486.9: Mere man’s mine: God has jest. N—622.35: Platonic (Gorgias is also likely to be named and used, but its tide is difficult to distinguish from the name of Joyce’s son Giorgio. It may be intended in the following.) T—3.8: gorgios; 303.17: Georgeous; 458.25: gorgiose; 492.34: sin- gorgeous (With G. Joyce and St. George’s Channel); 562.29: gorgeous (The statement that ‘Men who have spent their lives in evildoing are transformed at their next incarnation into women’ (Gorgias, 91 A.) may be one explanation of the occasional changes of sex mF.W.).
  297. Pliny, ‘the Elder’: Natural History.
  298. Pliny, ‘the Younger’: Letters. N—281.4: aux temps de Pline et de Columelle (Joyce sometimes combines the two, and their name is mentioned four or five times together with that of Columella (q.v.), presumably because Quinet named them together in the sentence from his essay on Vico which Joyce quotes in the Wake); 255.18: While Pliny the Younger writes to Pliny the Elder his calamolumen of contumellas; 354.26: bright plinnyflowers in Calomella’s cool bowers; 319.6: it’s a suirite’s stircus haunting hesteries round old volcanoes. We gin too gnir and thus plinary indulgence makes collemullas of us all (This refers to the famous letter, Bk. VI, 16, from the Younger Pliny to Tacitus describing the eruption of Vesuvius which caused his uncle’s death); 615.2: Plooney and Columcellas. Q—210.23: a drowned doll to face downwards (Natural History, VII, 17, says that drowned men float face upwards, women face downwards).
  299. Plotinus; Works.N—76.18: out of plotty existence; 470.20: Oisis, plantainous dewstucqmirage playtennis! (These conceal Plotinus’s name, Egyptian birth, and belief in the purely spiritual nature of existence.)
  300. Poe, Edgar Allan: ‘The Raven’. Tales of Mystery and Imagination. NQ—315.34: pounautique, with pokeway paw, and sadder raven evermore. N—236.30: po’s taeoms; 534.21: Poe’s Toffee’s Directory. Q—49.11: queth their haven evermore; 129.30: Nevermore; 112.25: weird week-day in bleak Janiveer. T—419.20: furloined note- paper (Includes ‘The Purloined Letter’). 
  301. Pope, Alexander: Works. N—133.20: popeling; 448.17: Pope’s Avenue; 466.11: popetry. Q—61.30: this leaden age of letters (‘To hatch a new Saturnian age of lead’—Dunciad); 301.24: Sink deep or touch not the Cartesian spring! 397.24: and by the world forgot; 161.1: michelangelines have fooled to dread; 568.18: his clouded cane. T—542.29: raped lutetias in the lock (With The Rape of Lucrece and the ‘Lock’ Hospital); 423.21: He was grey at three, like sygnus the swan, when he made his boo to the public ... rapes the pad off his lock (Joyce brings in Pope as an example of a literary child prodigy who ‘lisped in numbers’, and compares him with himself, whose bow to the public was some verses booing T. M. Healy).
  302. Porphyry: Works. N—264, note 3: Porphyrious Olbion, redcoatliar, we were always wholly rosemarines on our side every time. (Porphyry was a Neo-platonist with whose ideas Joyce might have sympathized. The name is a Greek rendering of his Syrian name, Malchus=King, but Joyce seems to be using it merely in its sense of purple.)
  303. Porter, F. T.: Gleanings and Reminiscences (Dublin, 1875). N—135.7: whou missed a porter (This combines the song ‘Oh Mr. Porter’ with a complicated pattern of allusion involving F. T. Porter and T. S. Eliot. Eliot wrote of‘When lovely woman stoops to folly’ quoting Goldsmith. Joyce wrote of‘When lovely woman stoops to conk him’—170.14. This refers to an incident described, and elucidated, by F. T. Porter in his book. The Dublin Annals in Thom’s Almanack state that in the year 1822 a woman threw a bottle into the Lord Lieutenant’s box. Attempts to find the culprit were unsuccessful for thirty years until Porter found out that a man called Henry Hanbridge was responsible. Joyce completes his pattern with an allusion to the song quoted by Eliot about ‘The sun shines bright on Mrs. Porter’).
  304. Pound, Ezra: Works. N—89.24: A maunderin tongue in a pounderin jowl (Refers to Pound’s translations from the Chinese, but ‘maundering’ is a 17th century cant word for begging, and I think there is also an allusion to Pound’s pronouncements on literary topics); 116.2: blurtbrusk- blunt as an Esra (This describes Pound’s blunt epistolary style which is compared to a view of buttocks through the looking-glass: ‘Esra’); 309.23 and 566.1: pound (Joyce seems to have accepted many of Pound’s prejudices—against Housman, for example—perhaps without realizing where he had got them from; his own final technique may owe something to the maxims laid down by Pound. See main text: ‘The Structural Books’).
  305. Prevost D’Exiles, A. F., Abbe: Manon Lescaut. N—5.22: sways like that provost scoffing bedoueen the jebel and the jpysian sea (May refer to his leaving the Church and then returning to it, but still writing about women although he was in orders).T—203.21: Nanon L’Escaut.
  306. Prichard, James Cowles: The Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations. N—44.8: Pritchards; 176.2: Pritchards.
  307. Prince, Morton: The Dissociation of a Personality. N—278.26: prince; 280.22: prints chumming; 460.12...22: prince . ..mort; 511.33: the sap that hugged the mort (A major source. See above, pp. 40-41).
  308. Prior, Matthew: Works. N—422.36: noisy priors.
  309. Proust, Marcel: A La Recherche du Temps Perdu. N—424.9: Prost bitte! Conshy! Tiberia is waiting on you, arresto- crank! 482.31: the prouts who will invent a writing (Combined with ‘Father Prout’ who invented spoof classical originals for the writings
    of his contemporaries). T—564.28: pities of the plain (Cities of the Plain); 587.26: two legglegels in blooms (A Tombre de jeune filles en fleur, with the song ‘Two Little Girls in Blue’); 410.3 and (?)i27.i5: Swann; 450.5 and 465.35: swansway (Perhaps with the Anglo-Saxon image for the sea). Q—581.17: lord made understanding, how betwixt wifely rule and mens conscia recti (The Latin phrase was the motto of the Baron de Charlus; Joyce is mischievously assuming that Proust intended a pun on the word rectum—but see Virgil); 536.12: Mongrieff! O Hone! Guestermed with the nobelities (This seems to combine Proust’s English translator with D. Hone, the medium, a Gaelic Alas !)
  310. Psalmanazar, George: Autobiography. NT—150.16...24: Shalmanesir ... his talked off confession (He said that he had formed his name from Shalmaneser—2 Kings, I7:3-)
  311. Pushkin, Alexander Sergeyevich: Works. T—33.26: that man d’airain (The Bronze Horseman); 211.8: Ludmilla (Ruslan and Ludmila); 348.5: omegrims (Eugene Onegin); 134.8… 135.11: spates . . . dames; 341.34: damas; 548.13: dame, pick (PiqueDame); 351.12: tsingirillies’ zyngarettes (Tsyngany). QT—341.8...344.27...346.30: ivory girl and ebony boy . . . Peder the Greste . . .Ibrahim (The Moor of Peter the Great—his name was Ibrahim). T(?)—323.16: pushkalsson.
  312. Quinet, Edgar: Introduction a la philosophie de Vhistoire de Vhumanite. N—117.11: quinet (A sentence from this essay is quoted almost verbatim 281.4-13, and parodied at 14.35 and 236.19. I give here the sentence as printed in Quinet’s CEuvres Completes, Paris, 1857, II, p. 367: ‘Aujourd’hui, comme aux jours de Pline et de Columelle, la jacinthe se plait dans les Gaules, la pervenche en Illyrie, la marguerite sur les ruines de Numance; et pendant qu’autour d’elles les villes ont change de maitres et de nom, que plusieurs sont rentrees
    dans le neant, que les civilisations se sont choquees et brisees, leurs paisibles generations ont traverse les ages et se sont succedes l’une a l’autre jusqu’a nous, fraiches et riantes comme aux jours des batailles.’ This differs in several minor ways from Joyce’s version which follows a transcript in Joyce’s hand reproduced in the James Joyce Year Book, facing p. 128).
  313. Rabelais, Francois: Gargantua and Pantagruel. Q—229.23: the cluft that meataxe delt her (With a pun on Delta); 368.15: And not to be always . . . treeing unselves up with one exite; 381.2: the leak of McCarthy’s mare.
  314. Ramee, Maria Louise de la (pename Ouida) UPDATE: English Victorian novelist A-221.28 hairwigs by Ouida Nooikke
  315. Reade, Charles: The Lyons Mail (A play). N—63.2: Reade. T—465.15: the lyonised mails.
  316. Renan, Ernest: ‘Prayer on the Acropolis’. T—541.24: praharfeast upon acorpolous.
  317. Rimbaud, Arthur: Works. ‘Les Voyelles’. N—319.5: rinbus. Reference 318.21: With that coldbrundt natteldster wefting stinks from Alpyssinia, wooving nihilnulls from Memoland and wolving the ulvertones of the voice. But his spectrem only-mergeant crested from the irised sea in plight, calvitousness, loss, nngnr, glydinyss, unwill and snorth. T—267.17: selfloud (Selbslaut, German for vowel; following rainbow and with pun on loud self-praise.)
  318. Robert of Chester (or Robert of Retina): Works. N—86.7: P.C. Robort; 443.1: his quorum of images all on my retinue, Mohomadhawn Mike. (Robert of Chester translated the Koran into Latin in 1142, and an Arabic book of Alchemy two years
    later. Although Robert is disguised as a policeman in the first reference, the mass of alchemical details in the context make this identification certain. Joyce does not appear to have used the Book of the Composition of Alchemy, but he could have learned of it from almost any book on the history of Alchemy.)
  319. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Confessions. N—463: the jeanjakes.
  320. Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm: Poverty, a Study of Town Life. N—544.35: Rowntrees (See main text: ‘Some Typical Books’).
  321. Sappho: Works. N—307 margin: Sappho.
  322. Saxo Grammaticus: Works. N—304.18: Saxon Chromaticus; 388.31: Sexon grimmacticals (This probably refers to the history of the Danes).
  323. Scaliger, Julius Caesar: Works. N—491.28: the blutchy scaliger!; 524.31: scaligerance (In both cases the reference seems to be to J. C. Scaliger’s fertility rather than tohis son Joseph Justus Scaliger’s learning. The elder Scaliger, after
    having been a Franciscan brother, married and had fifteen children of whom the famous scholar was the tenth).
  324. Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von: The World Soul. NT—416.4: bynear saw altitudinous wee a schelling in kopfers . . .when he was not making spaces in his psyche.
  325. Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich: Die Rciuber. TQ—224.32: the rapier of the two though thother brother can hold his own, especially for he brandished it with his hand (There is a reference here to the two warring brothers in Die Rciuber whose
    father favours the hypocrite while the good one is banished to a bandit band).
  326. Schopenhauer, Arthur: Works. N—414.33: schoppinhour.
  327. Schweitzer, Johan Friedrich (‘Helvetius’): Works (On Alchemy). N—4.21: Helviticus (With Leviticus.)
  328. Scott, Sir Walter: Works. N—161.23: reading for our prepurgatory, hot, Schott? . . . Schott! NT—177.35: great scoot, duckings and thuggery . . . with all the teashop lionses of Lumdrum hivanhoesed up gagainst him; 211.29: Great Tropical Scott. T— 381.16: heart of midleinster; 465.36: The leady on the lake. Q—168.1: v/ho never with himself was fed (From ‘That never to himself has said . . —Lay of the Last Minstrel)', 24.12: Have you whines for my wedding, did you bring bride and bedding, will you whoop for my deading . . .? (‘Young Lochinvar’); 344.1: though the unglucksarsoon is giming for to git (This seems to be based on, ‘Oh the young Lochinvar is come out of the west . . .’).
  329. Sharman, John: An Introduction to Astronomy, Dublin, 1794. N—427.10: And the Stellas were shillings ... It was sharming!
  330. Shakespeare, William: Works. N—177.31: aware of no other shaggspick, other Shakhisbeard . . .;1912: Scheekspair; 257.20: Missy Cheekspeer; 274 margin: Shake-
    fork', 295.4: As Great Shapesphere puns it.
    - Alls Well. T—40.1: All Swell that Aimswell.
    -Antony and Cleopatra. T—271 margin: Cliopatra', 271.6: Anthemy.
    - As You Like It. 326.29: winter you likes or not (With Winter's Tale.)
    - Comedy of Errors. 425.24: Acomedy of letters!
    - Coriolanus. 228.11: the coriolono.
    - Cymbeline. 292.25: symibellically. 607.10: cymbaloosing.
    - Hamlet. 79.35: Hamlaugh’s . . . dayne; 143.7: prince of dinmurk; 418.17: Moyhammlet.
    -Henry IV, V, VI. 431.26: Great Harry; (?)545-23: Enwreak us Wrecks; (?)539-32: Hungry the Loaved.
    - Henry VIII. 138.32: hahnreich the althe; 539.33: Hangry the Hathed.
    - Julius Caesar. 306 margin: Julius Caesar.
    - King John. 261.1: John.
    - King Lear. 398.23: kingly leer.
    - Love's Labour's Lost. 157.23: mild’s vapour moist.
    - Macbeth. 290.6: MacBeth; 250.16,17,18: Glamours, Coldours, Lack breath.
    - Measure for Measure. 336.5: measures for Messieurs.
    - Merchant of Venice. 105.1: Myrtles of Venice; 435.2: the Smirching of Venus.
    - Midsummer Night's Dream. 502.29: Miss Somer’s nice dream.
    - Much Ado About Nothing. 227.33: McAdoo about nothing.
    - Othello. 196.1: O tell me (?)
    - Pericles. 306 margin: Pericles.
    - Richard II.mRichard III. 319.20: Reacher the Thaurd; 138.33: writchad the thord.
    - Taming of the Shrew. This play is not named.
    - Titus Andronicus. 128.15: Titius, Caius and Sempronius (?)
    - Troilus and Cressida. 129.2: trollyours (?)
    - Twelfth Night. 364.3: Twelfth.
    - Two Gentlemen of Verona. 569.41: two genitalmen of Veruno.
    - Winter's Tale. 201.11: winter's doze.
    - The Rape of Lucrece. 277, note 2: rape in his lucreasious. (There are so many quotations from Shakespeare in the Wake that I shall make no attempt to list them. See main text: ‘The World’s a Stage’.)
  331. Shaw, George Bernard: Plays. N—41.8: shavers in the shaw; 112.34: as a strow will shaw; 256.13: your wildeshaweshowe moves swiftly stemeward; 303.7: Pshaw (In a list of Irish writers); 378.25: Shaw and Shea are lorning obsen; 331.21: shaws; 132.10: bragshaw; 369.7: Mr G. B. W. Ashburner (With Gas from a Burner); 527.8: bombashaw. T—24.9: windower’s house; 155.14: motherour’s houses. Q—299, note 3: Gee each owe tea eye spells fish; 226.13: Mammy was, Mimmy is, Minuscoline’s
    to be (Man and Superman). Q(?)—226.13: And among the shades that Eve’s now wearing she’ll meet a new fiancy, tryst and trow (Back to Methuselah). Q—162.3: a thunpledrum mistake (Refers to the song in St. Joan. See Letters, p. 221.)
  332. Shaw, Henry Wheeler (‘Josh Billings’): Works. (Some of the references to the name Shaw may apply to this American humorist who used distorted spellings.)
  333. Shelley, Percy Bysshe: Works. N—231.12: feastking of shellies. NQ—450.10: shellyholder . . . abower . .. L’Alouette’s Tower (To a Skylark). T—41.5: epipsychidically (Epipsychydion); 32.36: Alustrelike (Alastor); 560.1: Promiscuouos Omebound (Prometheus Unbound).
  334. Shenstone, William: The Schoolmistress. N—332.13: shenstone. T—228.16: sheolmastress.
  335. Sheridan, Richard Brinley: Works. N—184.24: Sharadan; 256.12: sherigoldies (From Boswell, with Goldsmith); 545.35: Sheridan’s Circle. T— 208.14: the rivals. Q—111.21: lydialike languishing. T— 80.34: a whole school for scamper (School for Scandal).
  336. Sigerson, George (‘Erionach’): Bards of the Gael and Gall. N— 530.21: sickerson the lizzyboy! Sackerson, magnon of Errick (With Sackerson, the famous Elizabethan bear—I do not know why). T— 63.6: gaelish gall; 134.22: the gale of his gall; 515.15: the Gaelier’s Gall; 515.7: a gael galled (But since Gall means ungaelic in Gaelic none of these certainly refers to Sigerson).
  337. Sinnett, Alfred Percy: Life of Madame Blavatsky. NT—352.13: be the procuratress of the hory synotts.
  338. Smollett, Tobias George: Works. NT—28.35: be that samesake sibsubstitute of a hooky salmon there’s already a big rody ram lad at random...; 29.5: humphing his share...in pickle . . . clinkers. (A young salmon is called a smolt=Smollett, at one stage. Roderick Random, Peregrine Pickle and Humphrey Clinker are all named in the same sentence.) T—457.2: blackmail him I will in arrears or my name’s not penitent Ferdinand (Ferdinand Fathom). N—580.8: Toobiassed (This may refer to Smollett’s statement in the first paragraph of Ferdinand Fathom that: ‘How upright soever a man’s intentions [in writing his own memoirs] he will be sometimes misled by his own phantasy and represent objects as they appeared to him through the mists of prejudice and passion.’ Smollett is never named clearly in the Wake. I think this is a tribute to him from Joyce who seems to have considered him to be his forerunner in using misspellings to suggest another, and usually bawdy, meaning. In Humphrey Clinker, whose eponymous hero has the same name as one hero of the Wake, Sir Launcelot Greaves writes phrases such as ‘privileges and beroguetifs’, and a whole series of letters from a female servant are written in a language almost closer to Finnegans Wake than to standard English). T—381.11: Roderick Random; 539.1: Roderick’s our most monolith; 129.11: (?) Roderick, Roderick, Roderick, O (With Roderick O’Connor). Q—456.32: the marshalsea (leads up to the mention of Count Fathom who was imprisoned there).
  339. Socinus, Faustus: Christ, the Servant. NT—132.19: socianist, commoniser (I have not read Socinus’s book, there is no modern reprint and most of the original copies were burned as he was a notorious heretic, but Joyce probably used only the title).
  340. Soddy, Frederick: Chemistry of the Radioactive Elements, etc. N—264, note 1: Startnaked and bonestiff. We viwy soddy. All be dood; 299, note 1: are we soddy we missiled her? (Joyce seems to have assumed that the study of radioactivity would result in the construction, and use, of atomic bombs. ‘We very sorry. All be dead’).
  341. Sophocles: Works. N—47.19: Suffoclose (There are many allusions to people whom Sophocles wrote of, but so many other people have written about them as well that it is not possible to say if Joyce used his works. There do not seem to be any recognizable quotations).
  342. Speke, John Hanning: Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. (The Nile is given at the end of the Wake as one of Anna Livia’s sisters. Speke forms a part of the mysterious character—Man the Explorer—whose identity troubles the two washerwomen—202.12: Waiwahou was the first . . .?) Q—202.18: will find where the Doubt arises like Nieman . . . found the Nihil. Worry you sighin foh Albern, O Anser? N—455.11: Joe Hanny (Speke wrote: ‘I saw that old father Nile without any doubt rises in the Victoria Nyanza, and as I had foretold, that lake is the great source of the holy river which cradled the first expounder of our religious belief’). Q—595.18: Wisely for us Old Bruton has withdrawn his theory (This is Sir Richard Burton (q.v.) who accompanied Speke at the beginning of his journey, having withdrawn his own theory about the source of the Nile, but fell ill and had to leave Speke to continue alone. Page 597 contains references to The Thousand and One Nights); 598.5: Nuctumbulumbumus wanderwards the Nil. Victorias neanzas. Alberths neantas. It was a long ... an allburt unend, scarce endurable, and we could add mostly quite various and somewhat stumbletumbling night. (Joyce finds a close parallel between the discovery of the source of the Nile and the writing—and perhaps the reading—of Finnegans Wake.)
  343. Spengler, Oswald: Der Untergang des Abendlandes. N—151.9: Spanglers. Q—292.22: the crame of the whole faustian fustian.
  344. Spenser, Edmund: The Faerie Queene. Colin Clout. A View of the Present State of Ireland. T—328.31: our fiery quean. NT—49.26: coulinclouted. QN—61.29: Be these mere merchant taylor’s fablings of a race referend with oddman rex? Is now all seenheard then forgotten? Can it was, one is fain in this leaden age of letters now to wit, that so diversified outrages (they have still to come) were planned ... we trow . . . we, on this side ought to sorrow for their prickings. (Merchant Taylors is the school where Spenser was educated. ‘Oddman’ for Edmund, ‘versified’, ‘fables’, ‘prickings’, all suggest Spenser; his grim view of the then state of Ireland is the subject of the passage). Q—14.30 and 23.19: Irena (Spenser’s name for Ireland).
  345. Spinoza, Baruch: Works. N—414.16: spinooze you one from the grimm gests ... NQ—150.6: At a recent postvortex piece infustigation of a determinised case of chronic spinosis an extension lecturer on The Ague who out of matter of form was trying his seesers ... Talis and Talis originally mean the same thing . .. (Spinoza lived at The Hague from 1663 till his death in 1677. ‘Matter’ and ‘Form’ are aspects of the Scholastic view of the world; ‘Extension’ is a term used by Spinoza (as one of the aspects of the Divinity susceptible to human understanding) which Joyce perhaps equated with one of these. But Spinoza held that all modes of existence are comprehensible only as aspects of an immanent Divinity and is brought into the Wake again in the debate between Berkeley and St. Patrick); 611.36: his fellow saffron pettikilt look same hue of boiled spinasses.
  346. Stanihurst: Description of Ireland.(See main text: ‘Irish Writers’. Joyce only quotes the quotation from S. in Chart’s Dublin.)
  347. Steele, Sir Richard: The Tatler. N—303.5: This is Steal (In a list of Irish writers). Q—138.24: and to know whom was a liberal education (The Tatler, No. 49. But Joyce would have known the tag, or could have got it from Bartlett’s Dictionary of Quotations, a copy of which was in his library. See Connolly, p. 8); 178.23: bickerrstaffs. (Isaac Bickerstaff was the pesudonym under which Steele published the first numbers of The Tatler, but Joyce may be referring only to Swift’s use of the name).
  348. Stein, Gertrude: Works. N—287.19: gert stoan.
  349. Sterne, Laurence: Tristram Shandy. N—4.21: sternely; 36.35: stern; 199.7: sternes; 256.14: swifdy stern¬ ward; 282.7: a stern poise for a swift pounce; 291, note 4: hitching your stern; 292.30: sternly; 303.6: Starn; 454.20: swifter as mercury he wheels right round starnly . . . with his gimlets blazing rather sternish; 486.28: sternly. T—621.36: treestirm shindy; 21.21: kid- snapped up the jiminy Tristopher and into the shandy westerness she rain, rain, rain; 323.2: shandymound (With Sandymount).
  350. Stevenson, Robert Louis: Works. Q—124.32: the sailor ... nor the humphar foamed to the fill. (‘Home is the sailor, home from the sea,/ And the hunter home from the hill’). Reference 291.2: Ship me silver! (Possibly an allusion to Long John Silver). Q—466.21: sedulous to singe (With Synge). Jekyll and Hyde. T—150.17: Mr. Skekels and Dr. Hydes; 211.31: a jackal with hide; 589.15: Going forth on the prowl, master jackill, under night and creeping back, dog to hide, over morning.
  351. Stoker, Bram: Dracula. NT—145.32: Let’s root out Brimstoker and give him the thrall of our fives. It’s Dracula’s nightout.
  352. Stopsj Dr. Marie: Works. N—444.8: when Marie stopes . . .
  353. Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tom's Cabin. N—365.36: Beacher. T—622.7: Uncle Tim’s Caubeen (With T. H. Healy. There are a few vague references to Eliza crossing the ice).
  354. Stuart, Dorothy M.: The Boy Through The Ages. T—485.17: me boy, through the ages. N—498.1: stuarts.
  355. Sturlason, Snorri: Heimskringla. The Prose Edda. N—257.36: Sealand snorres. NT—551.4: she skalded her mermeries in my Snorryson’s Sagos. T—17.28: a waast wizzard all of whirlworlds (Kringla heimsins—‘the world’s circle’); 134.27: herald hairy-fair; 169.4: Horrild Hairwire; 610.3: O horild haraflare!; 51.16: Thorkill’s time; 91.9: thurkells; 464.32: Tower Geesyus; 493.19: Ota, weewahrwificle of Torquells (Sturlason says that Torgils, Latinized to Torgesius, was once King of Dublin). Q—262, note 1: Gotahelv (Heimskringla, 666. See main text: ‘The Sacred Books’).
  356. Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars. TN—6.4...7: romekeepers ... suits tony.
  357. Sullivan, Sir Arthur: Box and Cox. T—105.5: the Boxer Coxer Rising; 308 margin: Boox and Coox; 347.29: boxerising and coxerusing; 517.17: Did Box then try to shine his puss?—No but Cox did to shin the punman. N—573.13: Sullivani. . . Gilbert. (Box and Cox was written by Sulhvan and Sir Francis Cowley Burnand who also wrote Black Eyed Susan but does not seem to be named in the Wake.)
  358. Sullivan, Sir Edward: (Ed.) The Book of Kells, ‘Studio’ edition. (See main text: ‘The Manuscripts’.)
  359. Suso, Heinrich: Das Buchlein der ewigen Weisheit. N—11.16: suso sing the day we sally bright.
  360. Swedenborg, Emmanuel: Heaven and Hell. NT—552.16: arcane celestials to Sweatenburgs Welhell!
  361. Swift, Jonathan: Works. (A major source. See main text, chapter: ‘Swift’.)
  362. Swinburne, Charles Algernon: Poems.mNQ—41.6: slept the sleep of the swimborne in the one sweet undulant mother (The same passage is quoted with a reference to Swinburne in the first chapter of Ulysses. Its source is ‘The Triumph of Time’: ‘I will go back to the great sweet mother Mother and lover of men, the sea’). £>—240.11: peccat and pent fore, pree (There are many literary and folk ballads with a similar rhythm but I think this is based on ‘A Reiver’s Neck-Verse’, ‘Faggot and fire for ye, my dear,/ Faggot and fire for ye’); 178.2: bad cad dad fad sad mad nad vanhaty bear (Combines a reference to Vanity Fair with ‘Villon our sad bad glad mad brother’s name’ from ‘A Ballad of Francis Villon’). N—434.35: Autist Algy. T—19.15: Wippingham. Q—270.5: a solicitor’s appen¬ dix, a pipe clerk or free functionist flyswatter, that perfect little cad, from the languors and weakness of limberlimbed lassithood. (Watts, later Watts-Dunton, was originally a solicitor; his name comes in ‘flyswatter’. Swinburne’s ‘Lilies and languors . . .’ is then quoted.)
  363. Synge, John Millington: Works. N{7)—251.10: anysing. N—256.13: yeassymgnays (in a group of Irish playwrights); 466.21: sedulous to singe (Combined with a quotation from Stevenson (q.v.), this follows Shaun’s statement that women like violent men as lovers); 466.13: Rip ripper rippest . . .that’s the side that appeals to em, the wring wrong way to wright women. (Christy Mahon is sought after by all the girls in The Playboy of the Western World because they believe he has killed his father). NQ—549.3: quintacasas . . . syngeing (The first word may include the Widow Quin’s house from The Playboy). Q—16.1: What a quhare soort of a mahan (The first version of this, B.M. Add. MS. 47471, f. 28, has ‘mahon’. Adaline Glasheen says, A Census, p. 82, that ‘Mahan appears to be one name of the Man Servant.’ It also seems that one aspect of the Man Servant is Christy Mahon, described by Pegeen Mike as ‘The oddest walking fellow I ever set my eyes on’, and told by her, a minute later: ‘You’re pot boy now in this place.’ Cf. 245.33: Watsy Lyke sees after all rinsings); 254.26: Mahun Mesme; 62.30: Christy Menestrals (Probably the addition of Christy
    Mahon to the Christy minstrels explains the violence in this passage); 224.20: Misty’s trompe . . . The youngly delightsome frilles-in- pleyurs are now showen drawens up (This may include a reference to the speech which helped to cause the ‘Playboy Riots’ of 1907: ‘What’d I care if you brought me a drift of chosen females standing in theirshifts itself, maybe .. .). Q—482.22: Sometimes he would keep silent for a few minutes as if in prayer ... and he would not mind anybody talking to him or crying stinking fish (This parodies the last speech in Riders to The Sea, ‘... maybe a fish that would be stinking .. .She kneels down, crossing herself and saying prayers under her breath'). T—183.2: in violent abuse of self and others this was the worst, it is hoped, even in our western playboyish world for pure mousefarm filth.
  364. Tacitus, Cornelius: Works. N—17.3: as Taciturn pretells, our wrongstory shortener (Taciturn is probably intended to describe T.’s prose style. The reference may be to Agricola, 24, where we are told that ‘Agricola had in his protection one of the petty kings of Ireland who had been exiled through domestic sedition and whom he kept, under the appearance of friendship, till an opportunity should arise to make use of him’. This is the first appearance in literature of ‘the Exile of Erin’, and the first mention of ‘domestic sedition’ in Ireland. Perhaps Joyce meant that this was the first summary of the state of Ireland).
  365. The Talmud. T—30.10: the Dumlat, read the reading of Hofed-ben-Edar (Joyce
    does not, in my opinion, use The Talmud to any appreciable extent in the Wake. The parody of a Rabbi’s name above just means the Hill of Howth).
  366. Taylor, Thomas: Works. N—356.10: how comes ever a body in this our taylorised world to selve out thishis, whither it gives a primeum nobilees for our notomise or not (Taylor’s works on Neo-Platonism are obscurely written. Joyce seems to be discussing his theories here).
  367. Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Lord: Works. N—48.23: Tuonisonian. 
    - The Charge of the Light Brigade. T—159.32: charge of the night brigade; 349.10: the charge of a fight barricade; 474.16: the fight brigade. Q—87.10: theirs not to reason why; 188.1: plunders to night of you, blunders what’s left of you; 292.27: half a sylb, helf a solb, holf a salb onward; 334.26: canins to ride with ’em, canins that leapt at ’em woofied and Sundered (With ‘John Peel’); 339.7: Limbers affront of him, lumbers behund; 347.14: heave a lep onwards; 567.3: half a league wrongwards.- Maud. TQ—253.17: come into the garner mauve. Q—405.36: the batblack night oerflown; 446.34: Come into the garden guild and be free of the gape athome.
    - A Dream of Fair Women. T—532.33: dreams of faire women.
    - In Memoriam. Q—213.19: Wring out the clothes! Wring in the dew!
    - The Lady of Shalott. T—550.15: shallots out of Ascalon.
    - Locksley Hall. Q—119.23: Cathay cyrcles; 328.6: turn my thinks to things alove.
    - The May Queen. TQ—360.13: Carmen Sylvae, my quest, my queen. Lou must wail to cool me early! Coil me curly, warbler dear! (‘Carmen Sylvae’ refers also to the pen-name of Elisabeth, Queen of Rumania, and the last sentence may refer to her Unter der Blume).
  368. Thackeray, William Makepeace: Works. NT—177.35...178.3: greet scoot, duckings and thuggery . .. vanhaty bear; 225.6(?): make peace. TN—434.24: Vanity flee and Verity fear! Diobell! Whalebones and buskbutts may hurt you (thwackaway
    thwuck!). T—212.32: vanitty fair; 327.9: funnity fare; 177.30: Maistre Sheames de la Plume (This is the Diary of C. Jeames de la Pluche, Esq. It is mentioned because of the Christian name and because ‘Jeames’ wrote letters containing many comical misspellings. Prophet for profit is a typical example and is used in the Wake, 305.1,
    and reversed 68.28).
  369. Theocritus: Works. N—307 margin: Theocritus.
  370. Theophrastus: The Characters. N—484.30: Theophrastius. T—302.31: the charictures.
  371. Thibault, Jacques Anatole (‘Anatole France’): Ulsle des Pingouins. N—420.9: handmud figures from Francie; 504.30: proffering pray-dews to their anatolies (This also refers to Zacharias, VI, 12, the LXX version of which gives dva-c-oXtj, ‘sunrise, east’, for the Hebrew Semah, ‘shoot of a plant’). QT—577.1...2...6...17...27...34: man-
    dragon mor and weak wiffey duckey . . . basilisk glorious with his weeniequeenie . . . feel-this-feather . . . cliffscaur grisly . . . pinguind . . . karkery felons (Cf. VI. des P., Bk. II, chaps. V-X. ‘Karkery’ includes Kraken, the ‘Dragon d’Alca’). <2(?)—14.17: lines of fitters slittering up . . . (‘Les lettres . . . s’echappent dans toutes les directions ...’ etc.. Book II, chap. IV).
  372. Thomas, Brandon: Charley's Aunt. N—(Thomas and Tom occur often). T—183.27: Charleys’ Aunts’.
  373. Tieck, Ludwig: Works. N—18.20: Tieckle. T—467.8: Octavium. Todhunter, Isaac: School Algebra, etc. N—293, note 2: toadhauntered.
  374. Tobin, John: The Honeymoon (A play). Q—445.12: the man who lifts his pud to a woman is saving the way for kindness (The Honeymoon, II, 1—‘The man that lays his hand upon a woman,/ Save in the way of kindness is a wretch/ Whom ’twere gross flattery to name a coward.’ But Joyce probably took this from Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, a copy of which was in his library).
  375. Toland, John: Works (Include a translation of Bruno’s Of the Infinite Universe and Innumerable Worlds). N—601.34: Tolan who farshook our showrs. (He was driven out of Ireland after the publication of Christianity not Mysterious). NT— 599.23: Browne yet Noland. (Toland’s translation of Bruno begins: ‘If I had held the plow, most Illustrious Lord’ ... he had, however, no land.)
  376. Trollope, Anthony: Works. N—409.6: trollop ... Saint Anthony Guide! (Trollope had a position in the Post Office. S.A.G. are initials written on the backs of envelopes by pious Catholics to invoke St. Anthony’s guidance for their letters). NQ—582.34: mettrollops, Leary, leary, twentytun (Larry Twentyman is a character in The American Senator). N—603.28: heliotrollops. T—132.36: thee warden (? The Warden. Joyce had a copy of volume two of the Everyman Edition of Phineas Finn. Finn is the hero of the Wake, but I can find no indication that Joyce ever used this book in any way. Perhaps it seemed too obvious a source book).
  377. Twelve Tables, The Law of the T—167.23: Twelve tabular times till now have I edicted it; 389.3: twelve tables. Q—168.13: Sacer esto. (Cf. Horace, Satires.)
  378. Upanishads. T—303.13: Upanishadem!
  379. Vaughan, Fr. Bernard, S.J.: The Workers' Right to Live. NT—609.2: pettyvaughan populose.
  380. Vaughan, Henry (‘The Silurist’), or his twin brother,
  381. Vaughan, Thomas (‘Eugenius Philalethes’): Works. N{7)—482.18: Evan Vaughan . . . that found the dogumen number one.
  382. Vega, Garcilaso: History of the Incas. NT—423.2: a mouther of the incas with a garcielasso.
  383. Vega, Lope de: Works. N—440.17: Loper de Figas.
  384. Verne, Jules: Around the World in Eighty Days. N—469.18: Jerne valing is. T—237.14: round the world in forty mails.
  385. Vico, Giovanni Battista: Scienza Nuova. (A major source. See main text: ‘The Structural Books’.)
  386. Virgil: Works. N—270.25: volve the virgil page (With the Volva, the wise woman of
    the Voluspo, and a reference to the sortes virgilianae, added to a pun on virgin); 618.2: virgils; 569.16: open virgilances (Again with a reference to the sortes, which interested Joyce); 281 margin: sortes virginianae. Q—389.19: Arma virumque romano (Based on the first line of the Aeneid); 403.9: Tegmine-sub-Fagi (Based on the first line of the Eclogues. Joyce’s classical quotations are by no means recondite); 581.17: mens conscia recti (Aeneid, I, 604. But see Proust); 512.36: Nascitur ordo seculi numfit {Eclogues, IV, 5); 545.28: parciful of my subject but debelledem superb {Aeneid, VI, 853). QT—185.27: pious Eneas; 240.33: pious alios; 291, note 3: a drooping dido; 357.15: Culpo de Dido ! (With Un Coup de Des).
  387. Villon, Francis: ‘Ballade des dames du temps jadis’. Q—54.3: but wowhere are those yours of Yestersdays?
  388. Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet: Works. Q—33.25: if he did not exist it would be necessary quoniam to invent him (But this is a well-known saying and in all the dictionaries of quotations and I can find no other references to Voltaire, except
    perhaps to ‘The best of all possible worlds’ from Candide) 158.9: the waste of all peaceable worlds.
  389. Wadding, Luke: Annales Minorum. N—573.26: according to Wadding (An Irish Franciscan who wrote the history of his Order. Joyce seems to have used only his name).
  390. Walpole, Horace: Letters. N—72.6: Horace the Rattler, Q—465.26: Gunning; 596.15: Gunnings (Adaline Glasheen suggests that the ‘House that Jack built’
    rhythms of the ‘Museyroom’ passage are based on Walpole’s letter to Miss Berry, about the Gunning scandal, beginning: ‘This is the note that nobody wrote’. ‘Rattle’ was Walpole’s word for gossip.)
  391. Walton, Izaak: The Compleat Angler. N—76.26: a troutbeck, vainyvain of her osiery and a chatty sally with any Wilt or Walt who would ongle her as Isaak did to the tickle of his rod and watch her waters. (‘Walt’ is, of course, Walton; but there
    may be a reference to the story of Sir Walter Raleigh and the maid of honour told in Aubrey’s Brief Lives.) T—296.23: to compleat anglers.
  392. Ware, Sir James: History of Ireland. N—4644(?): Be ware; 572.32: the supposition is Ware’s.
  393. Whitman, Walt: Works.
    N—263.9: old Whiteman self. Q—81.36: the cradle rocking equally (‘Out of the cradle endlessly rocking’. A. Glasheen in her A Census writes: ‘Compare A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Modern Library Ed., pp. 198-201) with “Out of the cradle endlessly rocking”, and compare F.W. 536-54 with “Song of Myself”.’ The similarities
    do in fact suggest that Joyce had Whitman’s work in mind when he wrote these passages). Q—169.18: manroot (From ‘Children of Adam’—‘manroot ... I am large. I contain multitudes’).
  394. Wilde, Oscar Fingall O’Flahertie: Works. N—69.3: wilde (And with the same spelling 41.09; 81.17; 98.2; 510.11); 46.20: Fingal Mac Oscar; 419.25: Oscan Wilde. (See main text: ‘Irish Writers’.)
  395. Williams, Richard D’Alton: Poems. Q—387.21: the barmaisigheds (‘The Barmaid Sighs’).
  396. Wills, William Gorman: A Royal Divorce. N—577.21. T—9.35: his royal divorsion; 32.33: A Royal Divorce; 243.35: their loyal devouces; 260, note 3: a royal divorce; 315.1: raolls davors; 348.15: royal devouts; 365.29: a reyal devouts; 388.7: A Royenne Devours; 423.3: his royal divorces; 616.15: His real devotes. (See main text: ‘The World’s a Stage’.)
  397. Winsloe, Christa UPDATE: Madchen in Uniform - film based on book/play by German-Hungarian baroness entitled Gestern und Heute. A play about female homosexuality.T- 222.13 "(Maidykins in Undiform)."
  398. Wisden, J.: The Cricketer's Almanack. N—584.16: wisden. (Source for the cricketers’ names on pp. 583-4, etc. But Joyce was interested in cricket and would know most of the names without using Wisden.)
  399. Wood, Antony A.: Autobiography. NQ—80.03: Sorrel a wood knows (Combines wood-sorrel, with the horse Sorrel whose stumble caused William Ill’s death, and A Wood who mentioned it).
  400. Woolf, Virginia UPDATE: (1882-1941) N-223.03 ”woolf!”: Influential modernist writer and feminist. Helped form the artistic Bloomsbury group in London. Also, a publisher who refused to publish Joyce's work.
  401. Wordsworth, William: Works. N—539.5: a wordsworth’s of that primed favourite continental poet (Groups him with Shakespeare and Dante, but I can’t find a single quotation UPDATE: fweet.org has 15.08 and 148.13 ).
  402. Wright, Peter E.: Portraits and Criticisms (London, 1925). N—269.8: a pale peterwright in spite of all your tense accusatives; 466.15: wrong way to wright women (This book is used often in the Wake. To fit with Joyce’s theories Gladstone, as a father-figure, the G.O.M., had to be a sinner. In his book Wright foolishly accused
    Gladstone of constantly pursuing and possessing all sorts of women. Gladstone’s sons, believing that ‘no property in law can exist in a corpse’ (576.5), or that no libel action could be taken on behalf of a dead person, forced Wright to take them to court by describing him publicly as ‘a bar, a fool and a coward’. Wright’s action ended
    with this being adjudged fair comment. But Wright’s accusations figure frequently in the Wake. N—597.11: the wright side and the wronged side. (This seems to admit that Wright was doing harm.)
  403. Wyss, Johann Rudolf: The Swiss Family Robinson. N—203.15: wyst... or where the hand of man has never set foot. . . the fairy ferse time. T—129.34: the Suiss family Collesons.
  404. Xenophon: Anabasis. N—308 margin: Xenophon. Q—324.9: Thallasee; 100.2: The latter! The latter!
  405. Yeats, William Butler: Works. N—41.9: yoats; 303.7: Doubbllinnbbayyates (Following the instruction: ‘Double you B’). NQ—170.16: Yeat. . . when you are old I’m grey fall full wi sleep. Q—605.24: honeybeehivehut in whose enclosure to live. A Vision. T—566.28: Vision; 179.31: vision; QT—405.12: cones of this . . . vision; Q—300.20. ..22: creactive mind . . .
    booty of fight (creative mind, body of fate’). (Yeats’s ‘Gyres’ are mentioned: 239.27; 292.28; 295.22...3...4; 298.16. See above p. 113.)
  406. Young, Sir Charles: Jim the Penman (A play). T— 93.13: Shun the Punman; 125.25: Shem the Penman; 192.23: Pain the Shamman; 212.18: Shem her penmight; 369.27: Schelm the Pelman (With Pelmanism); 517.18: shin the punman. (See main
    text: ‘The World’s a Stage’).
  407. Zimmer, Heinrich: Maya der Indische Mythos. N—69.32: zimmer; 349.4: zimmerminnes. (See main text: ‘Other Sacred Books’).
  408. Zola, Emile: Nana. Germinal. T—40.23: night birman, you served him with natigal’s nano! 331.25: beauty belt. . . nana karlikeevna (Nano is Italian for dwarf;
    Karliki are spirits in Russian mythology who fell into the underworld and became dwarfs. There is also an allusion to the Sumerian Aphrodite, Nana, who wore a ‘beauty belt’). T—352.1: gemenal 354.35: germinal.
  409. Zosimos: Works. N—63.32: zozimus; 154.8: the sissymusses and the zozzymusses . . .quailed ... for you cannot wake a silken mouse out of a hoarse oar; 186.4...5...12...16: through the slow fires . . . perilous, potent . . . circling the square . . . zazimas; 232.4...7 (With the Irish ballad- singer ‘Zozimus’): a pure flame and a true flame . . . Sousymoust. (Zosimos was a third-century alchemist whose extant works were published with a French translation by Berthelot and Ruelle in 1887-8. These volumes may have been one of Joyce’s sources for the alchemical business in the Wake. But his main source for this kind of information has still to be found.)
     

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